INTERNT OF THINGS PPT FOR BASIC BEGINERS

1
Introduction to Internet
of Things (IoT)
Dr.L.Priya
Professor/IT and
Co-ordinator/IIIC
Rajalakshmi Engineering
College

Overview
2
⮚ What is Internet of Things?
⮚ How IoT Works?
⮚ Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
⮚ Knowledge Management – From Data to Wisdom
⮚ The Future of IoT
⮚ The Potential of IoT
⮚ Few Applications of IoT
⮚ Technological Challenges of IoT
⮚ Criticisms & Controversies of IoT
⮚ Benefits
⮚ Advantages and disadvantages
⮚ References

Introduction – What is IoT?
IoT things presentation - Davis M
Onsakia
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? The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of
? interrelated computing devices
? mechanical and digital machines
? objects, animals or people
? Provided with unique identifiers ( UIDs )
? Has the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction
? A thing in the IoT
? can be a person with a heart monitor implant
? a farm animal with a biochip transponder
? an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire
pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be
assigned an IP address and is able to transfer data over a network
? IoT is a sensor network of billions of smart devices that connect
people, systems and other applications to collect and share data.

Introduction – cont’d
Onsakia
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? IoT is a concept of connecting any device with an on and off
switch to the Internet (and/or to each other).
? Includes everything from cellphones, coffee makers, washing machines,
headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else you can
think of.
? This also applies to components of machines, for example a jet engine
of an airplane or the drill of an oil rig – Forbes.
? The IoT is a giant network of connected "things" (which also
includes people). The relationship will be between people-people,
people-things, and things-things.
? The dominant consumer IoT device, worldwide, is the smart TV.
? Between 25-35% cent of consumers worldwide own a television that can
connect to the Internet, according to a Deloitte research. However, other
areas of the IoT market are growing rapidly.

Why IoT?
Onsakia
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? Organizations in a variety of industries are using
IoT
? To operate more efficiently
? For better understanding of customers to deliver
enhanced customer service
? To improve decision-making and increase the value of
the business
? Industry 5.0

IoT ecoystem
Onsakia
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? An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart
devices that use embedded processors, sensors
and communication hardware to collect, send and
act on data they acquire from their environments.
? IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by
connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge
device where data is either sent to the cloud to be
analyzed or analyzed locally.

History of IoT
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? First became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID
Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications.
? Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen as a
prerequisite for the IoT
? If all objects and people in daily life were equipped
with identifiers, computers could manage and
inventory them
? Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be
achieved through such technologies as near field
communication, barcodes, QR codes, bluetooth, and digital
watermarking

History of IOT
1999 – IoT
used by
Kevin
Ashton is
widely
accepted
2004 –The
term IoT
was
mentioned
in famous
publications
like
guardian,
scientific
american
2005 – UN’s
Internationa
l
Telecommu
nicaions
(ITU)
published
its first
report on
the topic
2008 –The
Internet of
things was
born
2011-IoT is
included in
the research
2015-till
date – world
is ruling by
IoT

The Structure of IoT
9
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of networks
of devices and computers connected through a series of
intermediate technologies where numerous technologies like RFIDs,
wireless connections may act as enablers of this connectivity
⮚ Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.
⮚ Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the
environment.
⮚ Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked
the ability of smaller things to interact and connect within the “things”
or “smart devices.”
⮚ Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has
formed the network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things”
realizing the intelligent control.

How IoT Works?
10
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel technology; instead,
several complementary technical developments provide capabilities that
taken together help to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical
world
These capabilities include:
⮚ Communication and cooperation
⮚ Addressability
⮚ Identification
⮚ Sensing
⮚ Actuation
⮚ Embedded information processing
⮚ Localization
⮚ User interfaces

How IoT works?
? Sensors/Devices
? Connectivity
? Data Processing
? User Interface

Sensors/Devices
? Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you
to collect live data from the surrounding environment
? All this data may have various levels of complexities
? It could be a simple temperature monitoring sensor, or
it may be in the form of the video feed

Connectivity
? All the collected data is sent to a cloud
infrastructure.
? The sensors should be connected to the cloud
using various mediums of communications.
? These communication mediums include mobile or
satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc.

Data Processing
? Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the software performs processing
on the gathered data.
? This process can be just checking the temperature, reading on devices like AC or
heaters.
? However, it can sometimes also be very complex like identifying objects, using
computer vision on video.

User Interface
• The information needs to be available to the end-user in some way
which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or
sending them notification through email or text message.
o The user sometimes might need an interface which actively checks
their IoT system.
• For example, the user has a camera installed in his home. He wants to
access video recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server.

What is an example of an Internet of
Things device?
? A lightbulb that can be switched on using a
smartphone app is an IoT device, as is a motion
sensor or a smart thermostat in your office or a
connected streetlight
? An IoT device could be as fluffy as a child's toy or
as serious as a driverless truck
? Some larger objects may themselves be filled with
many smaller IoT components, such as a jet
engine that's now filled with thousands of sensors
collecting and transmitting data back to make
sure it is operating efficiently

Why Is Internet of Things (IoT) so
important?
? Over the past few years, IoT has become one of
the most important technologies of the 21st
century.
? Now that we can connect everyday objects—
kitchen appliances, cars, thermostats, baby
monitors—to the internet via embedded devices,
seamless communication is possible between
people, processes, and things.
? By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big
data, analytics, and mobile technologies, physical
things can share and collect data with minimal
human intervention.

Top 10 Strategic IoT Technologies and
Trends - GARTNER
Onsakia
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1) Trend No. 1: Artificial Intelligence (AI): “Data is the fuel that powers
the IoT and the organization’s ability to derive meaning from it will
define their long term success.”
2) Trend No. 2: Social, Legal and Ethical IoT: These include ownership
of data and the deductions made from it, algorithmic bias, privacy
and compliance with regulations such as the General Data Protection
Regulation. “Successful deployment of an IoT solution demands that
it’s not just technically effective but also socially acceptable.”
3) Trend No. 3: Infonomics and Data Broking: The theory of
infonomics takes monetization of data further by seeing it as a
strategic business asset to be recorded in the company accounts. By
2023, the buying and selling of IoT data will become an essential part
of many IoT systems.

Trends – GARTNER (cont’d)
Onsakia
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4) Trend No. 4: The Shift from Intelligent Edge to Intelligent Mesh:
The shift from centralized and cloud to edge architectures is
well under way in the IoT space. These mesh architectures will
enable more flexible, intelligent and responsive IoT systems —
although often at the cost of additional complexities.
5) Trend No. 5: IoT Governance: As the IoT continues to expand,
the need for a governance framework that ensures
appropriate behaviour in the creation, storage, use and
deletion of information related to IoT projects will become
increasingly important.
6) Trend No. 6: Sensor Innovation: The sensor market will evolve
continuously through 2023. New sensors will enable a wider
range of situations and events to be detected.

Trends – GARTNER (cont’d)
Onsakia
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7) Trend No. 7: Trusted Hardware and Operating System: ‘.. by 2023, we
expect to see the deployment of hardware and software
combinations that together create more trustworthy and
secure IoT systems…’.
8) Trend 8: Novel IoT User Experiences: User experience driven by 4
factors: new sensors, new algorithms, new experience
architectures and context, and socially aware experiences.
9) Trend No. 9: Silicon Chip Innovation: By 2023, it’s expected that new
special-purpose chips will reduce the power consumption
required to run IoT devices.
10) Trend No. 10: New Wireless Networking Technologies for IoT: IoT networking
involves balancing a set of competing requirements. In
particular they should explore 5G, the forthcoming generation
of low earth orbit satellites, and backscatter networks.

Benefits of IoT
Onsakia
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IoT offers a number of benefits to organizations,
enabling them to:
1. Monitor their overall business processes;
2. Improve the customer experience;
3. Save time and money;
4. Enhance employee productivity;
5. Integrate and adapt business models;
6. Make better business decisions; and
7. Generate more revenue.

Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
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“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

IoT as a Network of Networks:
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These networks connected with added security,
analytics, and management capabilities. This will allow
IoT to become even more powerful in what it can help
people achieve.

Knowledge Management –
Turning Data into Wisdom
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The more data that is created, the better understanding
and wisdom people can obtain.

The Future of IoT
25
"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with

The Potential of IoT
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GE’s estimates on potential of just ONE percent savings
applied using IoT across global industry sectors.

Unlock the Massive potential of IoT
27

Few Applications of IoT
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✔ Building and Home automation
✔ Manufacturing
✔ Medical and Healthcare systems
✔ Media
✔ Environmental monitoring
✔ Infrastructure management
✔ Energy management
✔ Transportation
✔ Better quality of life for elderly
✔ ... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT!

Sensors in even the holy cow!
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In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected
and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle.
This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of
milk and meat for people to consume. On average, each
cow generates about 200 MB of information per year.

37 IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING

TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
of IoT
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At present IoT is faced with many challenges,
such as:
▪ Scalability
▪ Technological Standardization
▪ Inter operability
▪ Discovery
▪ Software complexity
▪ Data volumes and interpretation
▪ Power Supply
▪ Interaction and short range communication
▪ Wireless communication
▪ Fault tolerance

Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT)
? Insufficient testing and updating
? Concern regarding data security and privacy
? Software complexity
? Data volumes and interpretation
? Integration with AI and automation
? Devices require a constant power supply which is
difficult
? Interaction and short-range communication

Criticisms and Controversies of
IoT
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Scholars and social observers and pessimists
have doubts about the promises of the
ubiquitous computing revolution, in the areas as:
▪ Privacy
▪ Security
▪ Autonomy and Control
▪ Social control
▪ Political manipulation
▪ Design
▪ Environmental impact
▪ Influences human moral decision making

Advantages of IoT
? Ability to access information from anywhere at any
time on any device;
? Improved communication between connected
electronic devices;
? Transferring data packets over a connected network
saving time and money; and
? Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a
business's services and reducing the need for human
intervention.

Disadvantages of IoT
? As the number of connected devices increases and
more information is shared between devices, the
potential that a hacker could steal confidential
information also increases.
? Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive
numbers -- maybe even millions -- of IoT devices, and
collecting and managing the data from all those
devices will be challenging.
? If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every
connected device will become corrupted.
? Since there's no international standard of
compatibility for IoT, it's difficult for devices from
different manufacturers to communicate with each
other.

References
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1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
2. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the Next
Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, by Dave
Evans, April 2011.
3. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service", by
Shyam Varan Nath, Principal Architect.
4. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, MIMOS Berhad, Wisma IEM, Petaling Jaya

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