Internet Technology-I.pdf
- 1. Internet Overview Internet Internet is defined as an Information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can be defined in many ways as follows: • Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks. • Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). • Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address. • IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer location. • A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP Address so that user can locate a computer by a name. • For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://bitm.org.in to a particular IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted. • Internet is accessible to every user all over the world. Evolution The concept of Internet was originated in 1969 and has undergone several technological & Infrastructural changes as discussed below: • The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET). • ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Défense. • Basic purpose of ARPANET was to provide communication among the various bodies of government. • Initially, there were only four nodes, formally called Hosts. • In 1972, the ARPANET spread over the globe with 23 nodes located at different countries and thus became known as Internet. • By the time, with invention of new technologies such as TCP/IP protocols, DNS, WWW, browsers, scripting languages etc., Internet provided a medium to publish and access information over the web.
- 2. Advantages Internet covers almost every aspect of life; one can think of. Here, we will discuss some of the advantages of Internet: • Internet allows us to communicate with the people sitting at remote locations. There are various apps available on the wed that uses Internet as a medium for communication. One can find various social networking sites such as: o Facebook o Twitter o Yahoo o Google+ o Flickr o Orkut • One can surf for any kind of information over the internet. Information regarding various topics such as Technology, Health & Science, Social Studies, Geographical Information, Information Technology, Products etc can be surfed with help of a search engine. • Apart from communication and source of information, internet also serves a medium for entertainment. Following are the various modes for entertainment over internet. o Online Television o Online Games o Songs o Videos o Social Networking Apps • Internet allows us to use many services like: o Internet Banking o Matrimonial Services o Online Shopping o Online Ticket Booking o Online Bill Payment o Data Sharing o E-mail • Internet provides concept of electronic commerce, that allows the business deals to be conducted on electronic systems
- 3. Disadvantages However, Internet has proved to be a powerful source of information in almost every field, yet there exists many disadvantages discussed below: • There are always chances to loose personal information such as name, address, credit card number. Therefore, one should be very careful while sharing such information. One should use credit cards only through authenticated sites. • Another disadvantage is the Spamming. Spamming corresponds to the unwanted e- mails in bulk. These e-mails serve no purpose and lead to obstruction of entire system. • Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to internet. Such virus attacks may cause your system to crash or your important data may get deleted. • Also a biggest threat on internet is pornography. There are many pornographic sites that can be found, letting your children to use internet which indirectly affects the children healthy mental life. • There are various websites that do not provide the authenticated information. This leads to misconception among many people.
- 4. Intranet Overview Intranet Intranet is defined as private network of computers within an organization with its own server and firewall. Moreover, we can define Intranet as: • Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are networked to be connected to each other. PCs in intranet are not available to the world outside of the intranet. • Usually each company or organization has their own Intranet network and members/employees of that company can access the computers in their intranet. • Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address. • Each computer in Intranet is also identified by a IP Address, which is unique among the computers in that Intranet. Benefits Intranet is very efficient and reliable network system for any organization. It is beneficial in every aspect such as collaboration, cost-effectiveness, security, productivity and much more.
- 5. Communication Intranet offers easy and cheap communication within an organization. Employees can communicate using chat, e-mail or blogs. Time Saving Information on Intranet is shared in real time. Collaboration Information is distributed among the employees as according to requirement and it can be accessed by the authorized users, resulting in enhanced teamwork. Platform Independency Intranet can connect computers and other devices with different architecture. Cost Effective Employees can see the data and other documents using browser rather than printing them and distributing duplicate copies among the employees, which certainly decreases the cost. Workforce Productivity Data is available at every time and can be accessed using company workstation. This helps the employees work faster.
- 6. Business Management It is also possible to deploy applications that support business operations. Security Since information shared on intranet can only be accessed within an organization, therefore there is almost no chance of being theft. Specific Users Intranet targets only specific users within an organization, therefore, once can exactly know whom he is interacting. Immediate Updates Any changes made to information are reflected immediately to all the users. Issues Apart from several benefits of Intranet, there also exist some issues. These issues are shown in the following diagram:
- 7. Applications Intranet applications are same as that of Internet applications. Intranet applications are also accessed through a web browser. The only difference is that, Intranet applications reside on local server while Internet applications reside on remote server. Here, we've discussed some of these applications: Document publication applications Document publication applications allow publishing documents such as manuals, software guide, employee profits etc without use of paper. Electronic resources applications It offers electronic resources such as software applications, templates and tools, to be shared across the network. Interactive Communication applications Like on internet, we have e-mail and chat like applications for Intranet, hence offering an interactive communication among employees.
- 8. Support for Internet Applications Intranet offers an environment to deploy and test applications before placing them on Internet. Internet vs. Intranet Apart from similarities there are some differences between the two. Following are the differences between Internet and Intranet: Intranet Internet Localized Network. Worldwide Network Doesn't have access to Intranet Have access to Internet. More Expensive Less Expensive More Safe Less Safe More Reliability Less Reliability