INTODUCTION OF IOT AND INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO

UNIT-IV
Arduino Simulation Environment, Arduino Uno Architecture, Setup the IDE, Writing Arduino Software, Arduino
Libraries, Basics of Embedded programming for Arduino, Interfacing LED, push button and buzzer with Arduino,
Interfacing Arduino with LCD

Pin Category Pin Name Details
Power
Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND
Maximum current draw is
50mA.
Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external power
source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to power microcontroller
and other components on the board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator.
Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.
Analog Pins A0 – A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V
Input/Output Pins Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
External Interrupts 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.
PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
SPI 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO)
and 13 (SCK)
Used for SPI communication.
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.
TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.(I2c)
AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

Arduino Uno Technical Specifications
Specification Details
Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller
Operating Voltage 5V
Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz
T

Comparision between Uno/ ESP8266 Boards

Basic Arduino functions
• setup() The setup() function is known for what time a code
starts.
• To initialize variables, start utilizing libraries, pin modes,
and more…
• The setup function may simply run once at a time,
afterward to each activate or reset of the Arduino
microcontroller.
loop()
When making a setup() function, that initializes and use the initial values, the loop() function do from exactly what its
label recommends, in addition, loops repeatedly, letting your sketch to change and respond. Utilize it to dynamically
regulate the Arduino board.

Arduino Library Functions
The pinMode() function in Arduino is used to configure a specific digital I/O pin on a microcontroller, like
the ESP8266/Arsuino Uno, for a particular mode of operation. The two primary modes are input and
output.
Input Mode: When you set a pin to input mode, you configure it to read external data. It might be connected to a
sensor, switch, or any other external device that provides an electrical signal to the microcontroller.
pinMode(2, INPUT); // Set digital pin 2 as an input
int sensorValue = digitalRead(2); // Read the value from digital pin 2
Output Mode: When you set a pin to output mode, you configure it to send electrical signals to external
devices like LEDs, relays, or other components. You can use digitalWrite() to set the pin's state to HIGH
(5V) or LOW (0V).
pinMode(3, OUTPUT); // Set digital pin 3 as an output
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); // Set digital pin 3 to HIGH (5V)
It can be used to set the voltage level (HIGH or LOW) of a specific digital pin

delay()
delay() Function can be used for pauses the codes for the certain amount of duration (in milliseconds) stated as
parameter. (1 seconds is equal to 1000 milliseconds.)
Analog I/O
Reads the value from the specified analog pin. Arduino boards contain a multichannel, 10-bit analog to digital
converter. This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and the operating voltage(5V or 3.3V) into integer
values between 0 and 1023
analogRead()
int sensorValue = analogRead(pin);
int sensorPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to the sensor
*A0 through A5 are labelled on the board, A6 through A11 are respectively available on pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12

analogWrite()
Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin. Can be used to light a LED at varying brightnesses or drive a motor
at various speeds.
After a call to analogWrite(), the pin will generate a steady rectangular wave of the specified duty cycle until the
next call to analogWrite() (or a call to digitalRead() or digitalWrite()) on the same pin.
analogWrite(pin, value);
In Arduino, the analogReference() function is used to set the reference voltage for analog-to-digital conversions
on a microcontroller.

abs(x): Returns the absolute value of a number x. For example, abs(-5) returns 5.
sqrt(x): Returns the square root of a number x. For example, sqrt(25) returns 5.
pow(base, exponent): Returns base raised to the power of exponent. For example, pow(2, 3) returns 8.
exp(x): Returns the value of e (Euler's number) raised to the power of x. For example, exp(1) returns the approximate
value of 2.71828.
log(x): Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x. For example, log(10) returns the approximate value of 2.30259.
log10(x): Returns the base-10 logarithm of x. For example, log10(100) returns 2.
sin(x), cos(x), tan(x): These functions return the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle x (in radians), respectively.
radians(deg): Converts degrees to radians.
degrees(rad): Converts radians to degrees.
min(a, b): Returns the minimum of two numbers a and b.
max(a, b): Returns the maximum of two numbers a and b.

Blink an LED
Arduino Uno
• Wired Connection
• No network
ESP8266
• Local connection
• Same Network
ESP8266
• Internet
• Cloud
server(Thinkspeak)

LED blinking (Arduino Board)
const int ledPin = 13; // The LED is connected to digital pin 13
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second (1000 milliseconds)
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn the LED off
delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second
}

Write an LED program using pin number 12 and ON time 5s and 2s
const int ledPin = 12; // The LED is connected to digital pin 12
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
delay(5000); // Wait for 1 second (5000 milliseconds)
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn the LED off
delay(2000); // Wait for 2 second
}

Buzzer control using Push Button int buttonPin = 2; // pin 2
int buzPin = 8; // pin 8
int buttonState = 0;
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/ag4GerS21gT-copy-of-push-button-and-buzzer/editel
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzPin , OUTPUT); // OUTPUT
pinMode (buttonPin , INPUT); // pin 2 INPUT
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead (buttonPin);
if ( buttonState ==HIGH )
{
digitalWrite(buzPin , HIGH); // HIGH
delay(100);
}
else
{
digitalWrite (buzPin , LOW ); // LOW
}
}

Interfacing Arduino with LCD
The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to manipulate several interface pins at once to
control the display.
The 16x2 has a 16-pin connector. The module can be used
either in 4-bit mode or in 8-bit mode. In 4-bit mode, 4 of the
data pins are not used and in 8-bit mode, all the pins are
used.
RS: Selects command register when low, and data register when high
RW : Low: to write to the register; High: to read from the register
Enable : Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given
LED Backlight VCC (5V)
Led-LED Backlight Ground (0V)

INTODUCTION OF IOT AND INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO

// include the library code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("AKHENDRA KUMAR !");
}
void loop()
{
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1
// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis() / 1000);
}
RS E D4D5D6 D7

Name the Server
Creating an Acess
Point
Finding IP Address
Store the Resource
in Server
Start the server
Action Based on
Request
Keep the
connection Live
Creating a Server on the Node NCU

Name the Server ESP8266WebServer IOT; Name of the server IOT
Creating an Acess
Point
const char* ssid = "Wi-Fi-name";
const char* password = "Wi-Fi-password";
WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);
Finding IP Address WiFi.softAPIP(); Returns IP Address
Serial.print(WiFi.softAPIP());

Store the
resourcein the
server
HTML Page/Thinkspeakpage
Start the server server.begin() To start the server
String ledwebpage="<html><head><title> My first Webpage
</title></head><body style="background-
color:green"><center><h1> IoT Led control
</h1></center><form><center><button style="font-size:60"
type="submit" value="0" name="state"> Led On
</button><button style="font-size:60" type="submit"
value="1" name="state"> Led Off
</button></center></form></body></html>";

Action based on Client request
192.168.4.1/led

server.on("/led",Led); Led is the controlling LED funcion to control onboard LED
Send the webpage to the client
server.send(200,"text/html",ledwebpage);
ok type of data html page

if((server.arg("state")=="0"))
server.arg("message") is used to retrieve a parameter
named "message" from an HTTP GET request.
Writing the program
// Enter required libraries
// Name the server
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
ESP8266WebServer server;
// creating the access point
#define username "internet_of_things"
#define password "1234567890" WiFi.softAP(username,password);
// Finding the IP address
// storing resource in the server
//server on

INTODUCTION OF IOT AND INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO

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