Intro Basics of C language Operators.ppt

C language consist of some characters set, numbers and
some special symbols. The character set of C consist of all
the alphabets of English language. C consist of
Alphabets a to z, A to Z
Numeric 0,1 to 9
Special Symbols {,},[,],?,+,-,*,/,%,!,;,and more
The characters are aggregated by compiler into groups
called as lexical tokens.
These tokens are the meaningful grains of language. The
following different types of token are used in C
1) Identifiers 2)Keywords 3)Constants
4) Operators 5)Punctuation Symbols

 A 'C' program consist of operations or functions
applied to two types of elements:
 user defined; and
 system defined.
 Identifier is a name given to such an element.
 It is a word used by a programmer to name a variable ,
function, or label.
 Identifier can consist of letters and digits in any order,
except that the first character must be letter.
 Both Upper and lowercase letters can be used

 Keywords are nothing but
system defined identifiers.
 Keywords are reserved
words of the language.
 They have specific
meaning in the language
and cannot be used by the
programmer as variable or
constant names
 C is case senitive, it means
these must be used as it is
 32 Keywords in C
Programming
auto double int struct
break else long switch
case enum register typedef
char extern return union
const float short unsigned
continue for signed void
default goto sizeof volatile
do if static while

 A variable is but a name given to a storage area that our programs can
access and manipulate.
 Each variable in C has a specific type, as per the size and layout of the
variable's memory; the range of values it can store; and the set of
operations that can be applied to the variable.
 The name of a variable can be composed of letters, digits, and the
underscore character. It must begin with either a letter or an underscore.
Upper and lowercase letters are distinct because C is case-sensitive.
 There are following basic variable types −
Type Description
 charTypically a single octet(one byte). This is an integer type.
 int The most natural size of integer for the machine.
 Float A single-precision floating point value.
 Double A double-precision floating point value.
 Void Represents the absence of type.

 A constant is a value or an identifier whose value cannot be
altered in a program. For example: 1, 2.5,
 As mentioned, an identifier also can be defined as a
constant. eg. const double PI = 3.14
 Here, PI is a constant. Basically what it means is that, PI and
3.14 is same for this program.
Integer constants
 A integer constant is a numeric constant (associated with
number) without any fractional or exponential part. There
are three types of integer constants in C programming:
 decimal constant(base 10)
 octal constant(base 8)
 hexadecimal constant(base 16)

Floating-point constants
 A floating point constant is a numeric constant that has
either a fractional form or an exponent form. For
example: 2.0,0.0000234,-0.22E-5
Character constants
 A character constant is a constant which uses single
quotation around characters. For example: 'a', 'l', 'm', 'F'
String constants
 String constants are the constants which are enclosed in
a pair of double-quote marks. For example:
"good" ,"x","Earth is roundn"

Sometimes, it is necessary to use characters which cannot be typed or has
special meaning in C programming. For example: newline(enter), tab,
question mark etc. In order to use these characters, escape sequence is
used.
 For example: n is used for newline. The backslash ( ) causes "escape"
from the normal way the characters are interpreted by the
compiler.Escape
Sequences Character
 b Backspace
 f Form feed
 n Newline
 r Return
 t Horizontal tab
 v Vertical tab
 Backslash
 ' Single quotation mark
 " Double quotation mark
 ? Question mark
 0 Null character

 An operator:
 is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable.
 Thus: + is an operator to perform addition.
These operators can be classified as:
 Arithmetic Operators
 Increment and Decrement Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Relational Operators
 Logical Operators
 Conditional Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Special Operators

Operator Meaning of Operator
 + addition or unary plus
 - subtraction or unary minus
 * multiplication
 / division
 % remainder after
division( modulo division)

1. C programming has two operators increment
++ and decrement -- to change the value of an
operand (constant or variable) by 1.
2. Increment ++ increases the value by 1
whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1.
3. These two operators are unary operators,
meaning they only operate on a single operand.
eg. int a=10, b=100
++a = 11
--b = 99

 An assignment operator is used for assigning a
value to a variable. The most common
assignment operator is =
 Operator Example Same as
 = a = b a = b
 += a += b a = a+b
 -= a -= b a = a-b
 *= a *= b a = a*b
 /= a /= b a = a/b
 %= a %= b a = a%b

 A relational operator checks the relationship between
two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the
relation is false, it returns value 0.
 Relational operators are used in decision making and
loops.
Operator Meaning of Operator Example
 == Equal to 5 == 3 returns
0
 > Greater than 5 > 3 returns 1
 < Less than 5 < 3 returns 0
 != Not equal to 5 != 3 returns 1
 >= Greater than or equal to 5 >= 3 returns
1
 <= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 return 0

Intro Basics of C language Operators.ppt

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