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Why Do We Need
Classification?
    Free Powerpoint Templates
                                Page 1
Vocabulary Preview p. 276

• Vertebrate: an animal     • Invertebrate
  that has a backbone       • The prefix –in means
• Examples – snakes,          “not” so an
  fish, apes, and             invertebrate is an
  humans.                     animal that does not
                              have a backbone
                            • Examples – worms,
                              lobster, coral, etc…


                 Free Powerpoint Templates
                                               Page 2
Vocabulary
Amphibian: an animal that
typically begins its life in
water, then moves to land.
Examples – frogs,
salamanders and toads.
newts




   Free Powerpoint Templates
                               Page 3
Vocabulary
Symmetry: a matching pattern of body shape.

            . Bilateralsymmetry - when each half
            of a living thing mirrors the other half

            Radial symmetry – animals with radial
            symmetry have body parts arranged
            around a middle point. Starfish and
            sea urchin are examples.




                   Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                 Page 4
Vocabulary
Angiosperm: a vascular plant that
reproduces by making flowers, fruits,
and seeds.

Examples: apple trees, corn, and
tulips.




        Free Powerpoint Templates
                                        Page 5
What is classification?
Classification is sorting things into groups
based on common characteristics.

How do you use classification every
day?
Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates,
cups, silverware, etc…
Everyone uses classification all the time, not
just biologists.

Living things are grouped based on similarities
and differences.



      Free Powerpoint Templates
                                           Page 6
How have classification systems
changed? Which scientist invented our system
             of taxonomy we use today?
             Carl Linnaeus!
             It is called hierarchical classification
             He used Latin to describe species,
             which is what we still use today (that
             is why we italicize scientific names!)

                                             Carl Linnaeus
                                             1707-1778
                                             Swedish Botanist



                 Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                          Page 7
How have classification systems
         changed?
     •Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive
     characteristics
     •Now we group plants based on phylogeny
     •Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the
     plants are related.
     •We use genetics to figure out how plants are
     related.
     •In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what
     evolution was or what DNA and genetics was.
     This is how science works!




            Free Powerpoint Templates
                                              Page 8
Hierarchical Classification

 • It starts very broad and gets more
   specific
 • 7 hierarchies in our system:
      •   Kingdom                        Very broad
      •   Phylum (Division)
      •   Class
      •   Order
      •   Family
      •   Genus
      •   Species                        Very specific
             Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                      Page 9
The Classification of a Lion

   • Kingdom: Animalia (animal
     kingdom)
   • Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates)
   • Class: Mammalia (mammals)
   • Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
   • Family: Felidae (cats)
   • Genus: Panthera
   • Species: Panthera leo

         Free Powerpoint Templates
                                     Page 10
Kids Playing Chicken On Freeways
          Get Smooshed
                        Kingdom
                        Phylum
                         Class
                         Order
                         Family
                         Genus
                        Species
          Free Powerpoint Templates
                                      Page 11
The 6 Kingdoms
 • Kingdoms are the largest
   division-all organisms are in
   one of the 6 kingdoms
 • Animals
 • Plants
 • Fungi
 • Protists
 • Eubacteria
 • Archaebacteria
   Free Powerpoint Templates
                               Page 12
How do scientists classify?

Scientists look at
        • Internal and external structures
            • Examples: spines, fur, gills, reproductive organs
        • Individual cells
        • Chemical processes within cells
            • Example: photosynthesis




                     Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                                  Page 13
Dichotomous Key

• Tool used to identify organisms
  based on contrasting pairs of
  characteristics
• A step-by-step guide to identify an
  organism
  – Each step gives a choice of two
    descriptions.
  – The descriptions have to be
    opposites
     •Free Powerpoint round vs. leaves not round
       Ex. Leaves Templates
                                          Page 14
Your turn to try it!

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/l
  iving_things/variation/play/




                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                            Page 15
Bacteria- Two Kingdoms!

• Bacteria are small single-celled organisms
• Cells do not contain a nucleus
• Earth’s most common and numerous form
  of life
• Live almost everywhere
• Microscopic
• Some is useful- bacteria in your stomach
• Some can cause disease- streptococcal
  bacteria cause strep throat
                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                          Page 16
Two Kingdoms of Bacteria

         • Archaebacteria
               • Means “ancient bacteria”
               • Live under extreme conditions


         • Eubacteria
               • Cannot survive in extreme conditions




How are archaebacteria and eubacteria similar?
                 Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                  Page 17
Protists Kingdom
• Single-celled or multicellular organisms
• Share characteristics with fungi, plants, or
  animals
• Cells have nucleus & complex cell
  structures




                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                            Page 18
Animal Like Protozoa

• Animal like protists are called protozoa –
  means “first animals”
• Live wherever there is water
• Can move




                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                            Page 19
Plant Like Protists

• Use energy from sun to create food
  through photosynthesis
  – Produce oxygen as a by-product
• Can be microscopic or very large
  – Ocean seaweed can be tall as trees




                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                            Page 20
Fungi Like Protists

•   Get food from surroundings
•   Some reproduce through spores
•   Can move
•   Attack fruits, vegetables, & animals such
    as fish




                  Free Powerpoint Templates
                                              Page 21
Fungi Kingdom

• Cells have nucleus & complex cell
  structure
• Absorb their food- decomposers
• Grow quickly
• Reproduce through spores




               Free Powerpoint Templates
                                           Page 22
Plant Kingdom
•   Many celled
•   Have tissues and organs
•   Have cell walls and chloroplasts
•   Make their own food
•   Divided into Vascular and Nonvascular




               Free Powerpoint Templates
                                           Page 23
Animal Kingdom
•   Many-celled
•   Require Oxygen
•   Eat food
•   Most move from place to place
•   Reproduce Sexually




        Scientists divide animals into two groups.
        Vertebrates (animals with backbones) and
        invertebrates (animals without backbones).

        Let’s try this together.
           Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                     Page 24
Let’s Review The 6 Kingdoms!
    Video



            • Two for bacteria- archaebacteria &
              eubacteria
            • Protists
            • Fungi
            • Plant
            • Animal




                Free Powerpoint Templates
                                                   Page 25

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Intro to classification

  • 1. Why Do We Need Classification? Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1
  • 2. Vocabulary Preview p. 276 • Vertebrate: an animal • Invertebrate that has a backbone • The prefix –in means • Examples – snakes, “not” so an fish, apes, and invertebrate is an humans. animal that does not have a backbone • Examples – worms, lobster, coral, etc… Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2
  • 3. Vocabulary Amphibian: an animal that typically begins its life in water, then moves to land. Examples – frogs, salamanders and toads. newts Free Powerpoint Templates Page 3
  • 4. Vocabulary Symmetry: a matching pattern of body shape. . Bilateralsymmetry - when each half of a living thing mirrors the other half Radial symmetry – animals with radial symmetry have body parts arranged around a middle point. Starfish and sea urchin are examples. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 4
  • 5. Vocabulary Angiosperm: a vascular plant that reproduces by making flowers, fruits, and seeds. Examples: apple trees, corn, and tulips. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 5
  • 6. What is classification? Classification is sorting things into groups based on common characteristics. How do you use classification every day? Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc… Everyone uses classification all the time, not just biologists. Living things are grouped based on similarities and differences. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 6
  • 7. How have classification systems changed? Which scientist invented our system of taxonomy we use today? Carl Linnaeus! It is called hierarchical classification He used Latin to describe species, which is what we still use today (that is why we italicize scientific names!) Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Swedish Botanist Free Powerpoint Templates Page 7
  • 8. How have classification systems changed? •Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics •Now we group plants based on phylogeny •Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants are related. •We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. •In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. This is how science works! Free Powerpoint Templates Page 8
  • 9. Hierarchical Classification • It starts very broad and gets more specific • 7 hierarchies in our system: • Kingdom Very broad • Phylum (Division) • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Very specific Free Powerpoint Templates Page 9
  • 10. The Classification of a Lion • Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) • Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) • Class: Mammalia (mammals) • Order: Carnivora (carnivores) • Family: Felidae (cats) • Genus: Panthera • Species: Panthera leo Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10
  • 11. Kids Playing Chicken On Freeways Get Smooshed Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Free Powerpoint Templates Page 11
  • 12. The 6 Kingdoms • Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdoms • Animals • Plants • Fungi • Protists • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12
  • 13. How do scientists classify? Scientists look at • Internal and external structures • Examples: spines, fur, gills, reproductive organs • Individual cells • Chemical processes within cells • Example: photosynthesis Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13
  • 14. Dichotomous Key • Tool used to identify organisms based on contrasting pairs of characteristics • A step-by-step guide to identify an organism – Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. – The descriptions have to be opposites •Free Powerpoint round vs. leaves not round Ex. Leaves Templates Page 14
  • 15. Your turn to try it! • http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/l iving_things/variation/play/ Free Powerpoint Templates Page 15
  • 16. Bacteria- Two Kingdoms! • Bacteria are small single-celled organisms • Cells do not contain a nucleus • Earth’s most common and numerous form of life • Live almost everywhere • Microscopic • Some is useful- bacteria in your stomach • Some can cause disease- streptococcal bacteria cause strep throat Free Powerpoint Templates Page 16
  • 17. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria • Archaebacteria • Means “ancient bacteria” • Live under extreme conditions • Eubacteria • Cannot survive in extreme conditions How are archaebacteria and eubacteria similar? Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17
  • 18. Protists Kingdom • Single-celled or multicellular organisms • Share characteristics with fungi, plants, or animals • Cells have nucleus & complex cell structures Free Powerpoint Templates Page 18
  • 19. Animal Like Protozoa • Animal like protists are called protozoa – means “first animals” • Live wherever there is water • Can move Free Powerpoint Templates Page 19
  • 20. Plant Like Protists • Use energy from sun to create food through photosynthesis – Produce oxygen as a by-product • Can be microscopic or very large – Ocean seaweed can be tall as trees Free Powerpoint Templates Page 20
  • 21. Fungi Like Protists • Get food from surroundings • Some reproduce through spores • Can move • Attack fruits, vegetables, & animals such as fish Free Powerpoint Templates Page 21
  • 22. Fungi Kingdom • Cells have nucleus & complex cell structure • Absorb their food- decomposers • Grow quickly • Reproduce through spores Free Powerpoint Templates Page 22
  • 23. Plant Kingdom • Many celled • Have tissues and organs • Have cell walls and chloroplasts • Make their own food • Divided into Vascular and Nonvascular Free Powerpoint Templates Page 23
  • 24. Animal Kingdom • Many-celled • Require Oxygen • Eat food • Most move from place to place • Reproduce Sexually Scientists divide animals into two groups. Vertebrates (animals with backbones) and invertebrates (animals without backbones). Let’s try this together. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 24
  • 25. Let’s Review The 6 Kingdoms! Video • Two for bacteria- archaebacteria & eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plant • Animal Free Powerpoint Templates Page 25