Intro to Psych
- 1. Intro - You Design It You have been hired by Ford Automotive Corporation to help design a new car. The goals are to design features that will help A. keep the driver alert / heighten the driver’s awareness B. improve driver responsiveness C. increase use of seat belts D. decrease “road rage” E. Make long distance rides more comfortable F. Eliminate Drunk Driving Get drivers to obey traffic laws
- 2. What is Psychology? The scientific study of human and animal behavior
- 3. What is Behavior? Pretty much ANYTHING that you do, think or feel.
- 4. Types of Psychology Applied: Figures out how to USE information found by researchers “ NASA scientists study which colors to paint the inside of the International Space Station” Research: Studies why things happen. Deals with theories and lab experiments “ Lab tests show people’s anxiety level increases when surrounded by the color red.”
- 5. Fields of Psychology Where Psychologists work
- 6. Example fields (p21-22) Clinical Psychology – therapists etc Educational Psychology – therapists for kids, help ID and aid learning styles and issues Child Psych – how the brain grows and learns to learn. Also – how to parent Environmental Psych – coping with disasters, crowding, workplace environment
- 7. Example Fields continued Industrial Psych – marketing, public relations, efficiency Engineering Psych – human / machine interaction, design casinos Experimental Psych – usually research people. Lab experiments. Colleges Teaching – this class for instance
- 8. Stretch Your Brain Lets APPLY some psychology: How can psychology help to clean up the environment?
- 9. History of Psychology The founders
- 10. Charles Darwin Not a psychologist Developed theory of evolution Physical forms evolve Emotions can also evolve to serve a purpose Believed we can study animals to understand ourselves
- 11. William Wundt (“Vundt”) Germany 1880s Laboratory of Psychology “ Father of Psychology” First to try to scientifically study the workings of the mind Introspection Record your thought Map out the thought process Did not work out well – but inspired others
- 12. William James First American Psychologist 1880s – 1900s All activities of the mind (thinking, feeling learning, remembering) serve to help us survive “ Streams of Consciousness”
- 13. Sigmund Freud Austrian late 1800s – 1930s Psychoanalysis Conscious mind is only the tip of the iceberg Concentration on the unconscious mind “ learn through dream analysis”
- 14. Francis Galton (1880s, England) Is Behavior / Intelligence hereditary or learned? “ nature vs nurture idea Based his ideas on biographies of “intellectual” families Has some serious flaws Developed the first “personality tests” and “intelligence tests”
- 15. Ivan Pavlov Russia early 1900s Experiments with his dog Conditioned response Behavior is result of past experience
- 16. John Watson (early 1900s) ALL behavior is the result of learning (or conditioning) – even what we think is instinct Similar experiments as Pavlov – but Watson used children Has some serious impact on the kids Albert and the rat
- 17. B.F. Skinner Mid – late 1900s. American. Conditioning can be applied to entire societies Reward for behavior results in that behavior being done again in the future Though he did not feel the opposite worked (punishment does not change behavior – just covers it up) Entire basis for “Walden II” – a utopian society based on rewarding good behavior (Class participation points work the same way
- 18. Approaches to Psychology Neurobiological Behavioral Psychoanalytic Cognitive Sociocultural
- 19. Neurobiological Concentrates on the Chemical / Physical reasons for behavior What chemical reactions occur in our brains and bodies as a result of stimulations and what reactions do they cause? In some ways, our behavior is hard wired into us
- 20. Just for laughs
- 21. Outdoor Grilling Area
- 22. Behavioral We adapt our behavior based on rewards We learn through experience Behavior can be changed B.F. Skinner was a behavioralist
- 23. Humanistic Interested in what it means to be human Everyone has the chance to grow to greatness. The only thing holding us back is ourselves. We continually strive to achieve greatness Carl Rogers Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- 24. Psychoanalytical Approach We all have suppressed desires We unconsciously do things to alleviate these desires Analyze what we do subconsciously in order to understand our REAL selves. Freud: father of psychoanalysis
- 25. Cognitive Approach We are thinking creatures We can analyze our thoughts / behaviors and change things. We are in charge of our lives We process information through perception, attention, language, memory, and thinking How they influence our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and ability to operate in our world. Past experiences make the difference between one person's perception and another's Can you give an example to illustrate this?
- 26. Sociocultural Approach Impact society has on behavior economics, race, ethnic group, climate, religion, language, traditions, cultures, gender, location, politics, etc