Intro to-psychology
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Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes. There are two main types of psychology: research psychology, which studies theories and conducts experiments to understand why things happen; and applied psychology, which focuses on how to use research findings in real-world settings like NASA. Some key fields of psychology include clinical, educational, child, environmental, industrial, engineering, and experimental psychology. Important early psychologists include Darwin, Wundt, James, Freud, Galton, Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. Their work established foundations in evolutionary theory, introspection, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and conditioning. Major approaches to psychology include neurobiological, behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytical,
Intro to-psychology
- 2. What is Psychology?The scientific study of human and animal behavior
- 3. What is Behavior?Pretty much ANYTHING that you do, think or feel.
- 4. Types of PsychologyResearch: Studies why things happen.Deals with theories and lab experiments“Lab tests show people’s anxiety level increases when surrounded by the color red.”Applied: Figures out how to USE information found by researchers“NASA scientists study which colors to paint the inside of the International Space Station”
- 5. Fields of PsychologyWhere Psychologists work
- 6. Example fields (p21-22)Clinical Psychology – therapists etcEducational Psychology – therapists for kids, help ID and aid learning styles and issuesChild Psych – how the brain grows and learns to learn. Also – how to parentEnvironmental Psych – coping with disasters, crowding, workplace environment
- 7. Example Fields continuedIndustrial Psych – marketing, public relations, efficiencyEngineering Psych – human / machine interaction, design casinosExperimental Psych – usually research people. Lab experiments. CollegesTeaching – this class for instance
- 8. History of PsychologyThe founders
- 9. Charles DarwinNot a psychologistDeveloped theory of evolutionBelieved we can study animals to understand ourselves
- 10. William Wundt (“Vundt”)Germany 1880sLaboratory of Psychology“Father of Psychology”First to try to scientifically study the workings of the mindIntrospectionRecord your thoughtMap out the thought processDid not work out well – but inspired others
- 11. William JamesFirst American Psychologist1880s – 1900sAll activities of the mind (thinking, feeling learning, remembering) serve to help us survive
- 12. Sigmund FreudAustrian late 1800s – 1930sPsychoanalysisConscious mind is only the tip of the iceberg
- 13. Concentration on the unconscious mind
- 14. “learn through dream analysis”Francis Galton (1880s, England)Is Behavior / Intelligence hereditary or learned?“nature vs nurture ideaBased his ideas on biographies of “intellectual” familiesHas some serious flawsDeveloped the first “personality tests” and “intelligence tests”
- 15. Ivan Pavlov Russia early 1900sExperiments with his dogConditioned responseBehavior is result of past experience
- 16. John Watson (early 1900s)ALL behavior is the result of learning (or conditioning) – even what we think is instinctSimilar experiments as Pavlov – but Watson used childrenHas some serious impact on the kidsAlbert and the rat
- 17. B.F. SkinnerMid – late 1900s. AmericanConditioning can be applied to entire societiesReward for behavior results in that behavior being done again in the futureThough he did not feel the opposite worked (punishment does not change behavior – just covers it up)Entire basis for “Walden II” – a utopian society based on rewarding good behavior(Class participation points work the same way
- 19. NeurobiologicalConcentrates on the Chemical / Physical reasons for behaviorWhat chemical reactions occur in our brains and bodies as a result of stimulations and what reactions do they cause?In some ways, our behavior is hard wired into us
- 20. Just for laughs
- 22. BehavioralWe adapt our behavior based on rewardsWe learn through experienceBehavior can be changedB.F. Skinner was a behavioralist
- 23. HumanisticInterested in what it means to be humanEveryone has the chance to grow to greatness. The only thing holding us back is ourselves.We continually strive to achieve greatnessMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- 24. Psychoanalytical ApproachWe all have suppressed desiresWe unconsciously do things to alleviate these desiresAnalyze what we do subconsciously in order to understand our REAL selves.Freud: father of psychoanalysis
- 25. Cognitive ApproachStudies how we process information throughperception, attention, language, memory, and thinkingHow they influence our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and ability to operate in our world. Past experiences make the difference between one person's perception and another's Can you give an example to illustrate this?
- 26. Sociocultural ApproachImpact society has on behavioreconomics, race, ethnic group, climate, religion, language, traditions, cultures, gender, location, politics, etc
- 27. Knowing your self and make the better place in this world