Intro to-nanotechnology-shrey
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Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, which leads to unique properties and novel applications across various industries such as medicine, electronics, and environmental science. This field aims to understand and create new materials, devices, and systems by leveraging the distinct behaviors of materials at the nanoscale. The market potential for products enabled by nanotechnology is predicted to reach $263 billion by 2012, with significant investments and growth in research and development.
Intro to-nanotechnology-shrey
- 3. “Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.” -National Nanotechnology Initiative
- 4. At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is directed toward understanding and creating improved materials, devices, and systems that exploit these new properties.
- 5. Working at the atomic, molecular and supra-molecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 – 100 nm range, through the control and manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level in order to design, create and use materials, devices and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their small structure. Courtesy: National Science Foundation Credit: S. Klein, F. Lange and D. Pine, UC Santa Barbara Small photonic crystals: titanium dioxide micro- sphere 1-50 µm in diameter
- 6. For Pam Norris- July 2009
- 7. Richard Feynman’s famous presentation “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” was in the 1959 at the American Physical Society. Here he asked: Why can’t we manipulate materials atom by atom? Why can’t we control the synthesis of individual molecules? Why can’t we write all of human knowledge on the head of a pin? Why can’t we build machines to accomplish these things?
- 8. New tools for atomic-scale characterization New capabilities for single atom/molecule manipulation Computational access to large systems of atoms and long time scales Convergence of scientific-disciplines at the nanoscale
- 9. Materials behave differently at this size scale. It’s not just about miniaturization. At this scale---it’s all about INTERFACES Evident Technologies evidot Quantum Dots Color depends on particle size Quantum dots 3.2 nm in diameter have blue emission Quantum dots 5 nm in diameter have red emission
- 10. Asheghi, A., Touzelbaev, M.N., Goodson, K.E., Leung, Y.K., and Wong, S.S., 1998, “Temperature- Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Single-Crystal Silicon Layers in SOI Substrates,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 120, 30-36. Si phonon thermal conductivity: Bulk vs. Microscale Room-temperature thermal conductivity data for silicon layers as a function of their thickness. Thermal conductivities of the silicon device layers with thicknesses 0.42, 0.83, and 1.6 µm.
- 11. “The power of nanotechnology is rooted in its potential to transform and revolutionize multiple technology and industry sectors, including aerospace, agriculture, biotechnology, homeland security and national defense, energy, environmental improvement, information technology, medicine, and transportation. Discovery in some of these areas has advanced to the point where it is now possible to identify applications that will impact the world we live in.” -National Nanotechnology Initiative
- 12. There are many length and time scales that are important in nanotechnology. Length scale goes from 10 Å to 104 Å ---- this corresponds to 102 to 1011 particles Time scales ranging from 10-15 s to several seconds The temporal scale goes linearly in the number of particles N, the spatial scale goes as (NlogN), yet the accuracy scale can go as high as N7 to N! with a significant prefactor.
- 13. A critical issue for nanotechnology is that components, structures, and systems are in a size regime about whose fundamental behavior we have little understanding. They are: •too small for direct measurements •too large to be described by current rigorous first principle theoretical and computational methods •exhibit too many fluctuations to be treated monolithically in time and space •too few to be described by a statistical ensemble.
- 15. National Science and Technology Council, 2000 Nanoscience will change the nature of almost every human- made object in the next century.
- 16. Market Size Predictions (within a decade)* $340B/yr Materials $300B/yr Electronics $180B/yr Pharmaceuticals $100B/yr Chemical manufacture $ 70B/yr Aerospace $ 20B/yr Tools $ 30B/yr Improved healthcare $ 45B/yr Sustainability $1 Trillion per year by 2015 *2007 Estimates by industry groups, source: NSF
- 17. According to “The Nanotechnology Opportunity Report (NOR),” 3rd Edition Cientifica Ltd., published in June 2008 “The market for products enabled by nano-technologies will reach US$ 263 billion by 2012.” “The highest growth rates will be in the convergence between bio- and nanotechnologies in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors.”
- 18. The 2010 Budget provides $1.6 billion, reflecting steady growth in the NNI investment. Fiscal Year NNI 2000 $270M 2001 $464M 2002 $697M 2003 $862M 2004 $989M 2005 $1,200M 2006 $1,303M 2007 $1,425M 2008 $1,491M 2009 $1,527M The US investment in nano- technology represents about ¼ of the world R&D investment.
- 19. 1. High Performance Ski Wax 2. Breathable Waterproof Ski Jacket 3. Wrinkle-Resistant, Stain Repellent Threads 4. Deep Penetrating Skin Cream 5. World’s First OLED Digital Camera 6. Nanotech DVD and Book Collection 7. Performance Sunglasses 8. Nanocrystalline Sunscreen 9. High Tech Tennis Rackets 10. High-Tech Tennis Balls
- 20. 1. Footwarmers 2. Washable Bed Mattress 3. Golf Balls and the “Nano” Driver 4. Nano Skin Care 5. Nanosilver Wound Dressing for Burn victims 6. Military-Grade Disinfectants 7. BASF Superhydrophobic Spray 8. Clarity Defender Automotive-Glass Treatment 9. Flex Power Joint and Muscle Pain Cream 10. 3M Dental Adhesive
- 21. 1. iPod Nano 2. Canola Active 3. O’Lala Foods Choco’la Chewing Gum 4. Zelens Fullerene C-60 Face Cream 5. Easton Sports Stealth CNT Bat 6. Casual Apparel-Nanotex 7. ArcticShield Socks- odor and fungus resistant 8. Behr NanoGuard Paint 9. Pilkington Active Glass 10. NanoBreeze Air Purifier
- 25. Solid oxide fuel cell Courtesy: Steve McIntosh, UVA Laser-textured silicon for solar cells Courtesy: Mool Gupta, UVA Computational catalysis Courtesy: Matthew Neurock, UVA
- 26. Courtesy of NASA