Introduction
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This document discusses techniques for elucidating organic molecular structures using spectroscopy. It introduces spectroscopy as a technique that determines structure without destroying much sample by measuring light absorption. It describes the electromagnetic spectrum and how different spectroscopic techniques work, including infrared spectroscopy for functional groups, mass spectrometry for molecular fragmentation, nuclear magnetic resonance for distinguishing hydrogen environments, and ultraviolet spectroscopy for electron transitions. It provides examples of using these techniques to determine the lowest energy conformations of a molecule.
Introduction
- 1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY VI ELUCIDATION OF ORGANIC STRUCTURE MOLECULE Suryadi Budi Utomo, S.Si., M.Si. Chemistry Education Faculty Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. • It destroys little or no sample. • The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength
- 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Examples: X rays, microwaves, radio waves, visible light, IR, and UV. • Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional. • c = ln, where c is the speed of light. • Energy per photon = hn, where h is Planck’s constant.
- 5. The Spectrum and Molecular Effects
- 6. Types of Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) spectroscopy measures the bond vibration frequencies in a molecule and is used to determine the functional group. Mass spectrometry (MS) fragments the molecule and measures the masses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy detects signals from hydrogen atoms and can be used to distinguish isomers. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy uses electron transitions to determine bonding patterns. =>
- 7. CONTOH (Utomo et.al 2011)
- 8. CONTOH cone( E=-14,32 kkal/mol) flattened partial cone( E=-14,42 kkal/mol)
- 9. CONTOH
- 10. SINGLE CRYSTAL
- 11. PACKING