Introduction 20to 20architecture

Editor's Notes

• #2: {"5":"In Classical Greek and Roman architecture, columns sit on rectangular bases and connect to the top of roof of the building. The top of the columns are called Capitals. There are three types of well known columns. Ionic: slim columns designed to represent a tall tree of stream of water with two spirals at the top of the column representing waves. Doric: enormous, solid structures with no ornamentation on top. Corinthian: resembles a tree with leaves at the top. \n","11":"A flying buttress is a type of structure used to support the high vaulted ceilings in Gothic architecture. The flying buttress is connected to the building on the outside walls using an arch. These types of supports are most commonly found in Cathedrals.\n","17":"Designed by Eero Saarinen in the Modern style, Saarinen wanted the airport to have the look of the curve of flying. The entire airport was created as a sculpture made to give the feel of upward movement. The airport’s outer walls are all windows, transparent for those looking in and out.\n","6":"Can you tell which types of columns have been used for each building?\n","12":"The East Wing was designed by I.M.Pei, a prominent modern architect. Mr. Pei wanted the East Wing to be completely different from the West Wing. The East Wing was created on a piece of land shaped as a trapezoid. In order to accommodate this shape, Mr. Pei created the East Wing by using two triangular buildings that used both large and small spaces within the buildings to create symmetry between space needed for large and small pieces of artwork.\n","18":"The Washington Monument is both a symbol of Washington, D.C. and a tribute to George Washington, our first president. The architect, Robert Mills, chose to the shape of an Obelisks, a form of an Egyptian monument which has a large rectangular base, narrowing center, and pyramid cap.\nNo other building in Washington, D.C. is allowed to be built higher than the Monument.\n","7":"The aerial view shows the dome on the National Gallery of Art. \n","13":"The East Wing was created to reflect the artwork within. The East building focuses on modern and contempory art. This building was considered the first modern piece of Washington, D.C. building architecture.\n","2":"The Parthenon is located in Athens, Greece. Considered a classic example of Greek Architecture, The Parthenon was built to represent the gods and goddesses in abstract form. The Greeks built their structures using mathematical proportions and considered their buildings as a type of sculpture.\n","19":"The Washington Monument was designed and placed purposefully in the center of: The Capitol (to the East), The Lincoln Memorial (to the West), The White House (to the North), The Jefferson Memorial (to the South), in order to provide a view an honor other important monuments in Washington, D.C. \n","8":"The Capitol is also an example of neo-classical architecture. The Capitol building has columns, a dome, symmetrical spaces, and pediments. Can you see all of these in the Capitol?\n","3":"Built in 1941 it is an example of neo-classical architecture. Neo-classical architecture is architecture inspired by the buildings designed and created during Ancient Greece and Rome. Neo-classical architecture uses some if not all of these styles in its design: symmetry, columns, triangular pediments, and/or domes.\n","20":"Can you name the different styles of architecture found in Washington, D.C.?\n","9":"Domes were used primarily by the Roman in their architecture and can be seen here in example on the Pantheon. The underneath, inside of a dome is called the Rotunda. The Capitol building was built with a dome similar to the one found in the Pantheon. Inside the Dome, the founders, Washington, D.C. history, and architects of Washington, D.C. have been honored through artwork on the Rotunda walls, ceiling, and statues placed on the floor. What sort of feelings do you get looking at both the Capitol and Pantheon domes? Power? Strength?\n","15":"Alexander Calder was commissioned to make own of his signature mobile pieces for the East buildings atrium. Calder’s mobiles are designed using a system of weights and counterbalances that move with the air.\n","4":"What similarities do you see between the Parthenon and the National Gallery?\n","10":"The National Cathedral took 83 years to be completed. The first stone was laid in 1907 and the Cathedral was completed in September of 1990. The Cathedral was constructed primarily out of limestone and though it was commissioned by the Episcopal Church, the Cathedral is open to all religions and is also considered a center for all types of religious learning.\nThe National Cathedral can be compared to the Chartres Cathedral built in France during the Middle Ages. This Cathedral took 309 years to complete. Why do you think this Cathedral took so long to build. What was different in the 1900’s as opposed to the Middle Ages? \nThe Gothic Architecture found in these Cathedrals include Rose windows ( circular windows), Rectangular Bell Towers, Triangular arches above windows, Rectangular aisles, flying buttresses.\n"}