Introduction
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This document discusses installing a photovoltaic (PV) system at a house in Jordan to reduce electricity bills. It first provides background on solar energy potential in Jordan. It then describes a homeowner who pays over 100 JD per month in electricity bills who wants to install PV cells. To determine if the project is viable, the document compares the PV system to the electrical system over a 10-year period. It calculates electricity costs and PV energy production to determine net costs. The PV system capacity is calculated based on annual electricity demand. Initial PV system costs and the payback period are also calculated. An internal rate of return analysis determines that the project is accepted since the IRR of 4.947% is greater than the inflation
![PV system:
A photovoltaic system is an integrated assembly of one or more pv modules or
cells and other item
- Modules: the smallest complete environmentally protected assembly or
interconnected PV cells.
Before we install this system we have to make some calculations to know the
capacity of PV and its initial cost.
We will use mono c-Si:
Efficiency = 14-20 %
Typical c-Si module characteristics performance at standard test conditions:
100wm^2, 25C, AM1.5G
- Nominal power: 235 w
-Calculation:
1560 Production [kWh per kWp.year]; given
Capacity (KWp) =demand [kWh per year]/production [kwh per kWp.year]
#of module = capacity (kWp)/ Nominal power
Initial cost (JD) =350(JD per module)* #of module (Module)
PV losses = (14-15) %
Feed-in tariff kWh = .12 “Governmental tariff”
- PV efficiency will be reduced by .5% yearly -
Capacity:
3990/1560=2.557kWp
#of module = 2557/235 = 10.8 - we need to install 11 modules
Initial cost = 350*11=3850 JD
We Complete the calculation using PV Calculator :
http://pvshop.eu/calculator?lang=en](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1e749a8d-4f4f-4042-93fb-e937c9ef175a-151229232332/85/Introduction-3-320.jpg)
Introduction
- 1. Introduction: Jordan state is very rich in renewable resources especially in solar energy, as it’s characterized by high solar radiation among regions in the world because it is located in the earth-sun belt area that has high potential solar energy, which indicates the potential for installing grid connected Photovoltaic system. solaris the name of a method of converting(PV):Photovoltaic that exhibitsemiconducting materialsusingelectricitydirect currentintoenergy , a phenomenon commonly studied inphotovoltaic effectthe solarsystem employs. Aelectrochemistryandphotochemistryphysics, . Thesolar powerto supply usableolar cellsscomposed of a number ofpanels process is both physical and chemical in nature, as the first step involves process takes placeelectrochemicalfrom which a secondphotoelectric effectthe in a series, generating an electricionizedinvolving crystallized atoms being Power generation from solar PV has long been seen as a clean.current most plentiful andplanet’senergy technology which draws upon theainablesust widely distributed (renewable energy) source the sun. Due to high and reliable solar irradiance in Jordan (5.5 kWh/m2 ·d), a domestic usage for solar energy in Jordan has high potential for about 330 sunny days per year using solar collectors. Solar irradiance varies with season and time of the day due to the various sun positions under the unpredictable weather conditions. One of the scopes of this research is to prove that the collected solar energy compensates the electrical energy consumption in residential buildings.
- 2. In Our project: A man who pays more than 100 JD per months as a electric bills for his house decided to install a PV cells but before that he has to look up if this project is accepted or not . To check if this project is going to be accepted or not we have to compare between the photovoltaic and electrical system by selecting a specific time period to make our study on it, by finding the future worth for each project then make a comparison between them we will select the highest one since the project is an investment project. Procedure: First of all, we determined our study period which is 10 years (n= per quarter) and collected the electricity bills. As an example: from January 2007 to March 2007 the average of electricity demand was 1040 kWh, we calculated the price of the kWh by the following equation: Kwh*0.12, where 0.12 is the kWh price. So for this period the cost (JD) =124.8, by using the single cash flow method, then adding the governmental taxes (2 %) which varies with time depending on the cost of the bill ,we found the paid value of the bill (F=future value ) by the following equation : G=governmental taxes.,n=1 per quarter, P = cost (JD)nF=P (1+G %) =127.296 JD1F=124.8(1+.02) And all the rest periods follow the same calculations for the electricity bill. - then calculate the PV energy production after that we subtract the electricity production from PV production to calculate the paid cost , If the result of subtraction was positive means we will pay for the electricity company but if it was negative it means that we will sell to the electricity company (Profit ) - Cost paid = kWh*.21 - Profit Cost =kWh*.12 Net cost = total cost for the paid and profit ** We can find the payback period as shown in PBP table **
- 3. PV system: A photovoltaic system is an integrated assembly of one or more pv modules or cells and other item - Modules: the smallest complete environmentally protected assembly or interconnected PV cells. Before we install this system we have to make some calculations to know the capacity of PV and its initial cost. We will use mono c-Si: Efficiency = 14-20 % Typical c-Si module characteristics performance at standard test conditions: 100wm^2, 25C, AM1.5G - Nominal power: 235 w -Calculation: 1560 Production [kWh per kWp.year]; given Capacity (KWp) =demand [kWh per year]/production [kwh per kWp.year] #of module = capacity (kWp)/ Nominal power Initial cost (JD) =350(JD per module)* #of module (Module) PV losses = (14-15) % Feed-in tariff kWh = .12 “Governmental tariff” - PV efficiency will be reduced by .5% yearly - Capacity: 3990/1560=2.557kWp #of module = 2557/235 = 10.8 - we need to install 11 modules Initial cost = 350*11=3850 JD We Complete the calculation using PV Calculator : http://pvshop.eu/calculator?lang=en
- 4. PBP table Initial cost =3850Electricity payment-net costYears -3434.9415.11 -2971.2463.72 -2503.5467.73 -2006.4497.14 -1488.5517.95 -1064.1424.46 -611.3452.87 -22.4588.98 571.61 Simple payback period 594.019 1147.6157610
- 5. To check if the project is accepted or not: we will use IRR Method. Y10Y9Y8Y7Y6Y5Y4Y3Y2Y1Now 576594.01588.9452.8424.4517.9497.1467.7463.7415.1-3850 MARR=Inflation = 4% Pw (Marr %) =-cost (now) + 𝐏 ( 𝟏+𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐑%)^𝐧 Pw (4%) =-3850+399.135+428.717+415.754 +424.94+425.676+335.409+344.091+430.303+417.34+389.125 PW (4%) =160.5 PW at any value I >Marr Pw (10%) =-3850+377.364+383.223+351.389+339.526 +321.575+239.567+232.358+274.726+251.918+222.07 PW (10%) =-856.288 −856.288−160.5 10−4 = −856.288−0 10−irr IRR%=4.947 IRR>Marr PROJECT IS ACCEPTED
- 6. Names: Lauren Qaisieh Zeina sinnokrot Ruba abu-alrub Engineering economics Eng.Nedaa al daher