Introduction and Basic commands of Auto CAD ppt BY KRT

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Prepared By:
Mr. K.R.THANKI
(BE Civil)
LECTURER CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT POLY TECHNIC ,
PORBANDAR,GUJARAT-INDIA.
AutoCAD




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CONTENTS:
Introduction to Computer Aided Drawing
Introduction to Auto CAD
Creating 2D Drawing
Editing 2D Drawing
Drawing with Precision

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CONTENTS:
Drawing Display
Dimensioning
Creating and editing text
Object Properties and visibility
Use Blocks and XREFS(External Referance)
Layouts,Printing and Plotting

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INTRODUCTION:
What is AutoCAD?
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or
Computer Aided Drafting) software application
for 2D and 3D design and drafting.

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INTRODUCTION:
Status Line
CoOrd Display
Command Line
Cursor
Object
Properties TB
Standard TB
PullDown Menus
Drawing TB
Layer TB
Modify TB
Drawing
Area

Start a NEW Drawing
• Start a New
Drawing by One of
– Pull-down Menus:
File → New...
• Using the “QNew”
(QuickNew) Tool
• Type “new” in the Command
Line
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INTRODUCTION:

Select Template Dialog-Box
• Appears After
the New File
Command(s)
• A Template is a
Standard
format
• For Now
Suggest Using
the acad.dwt
Template
• Click Open to
Start the New
Drawing
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INTRODUCTION:

Name & Save Drawing
• Opening a NEW
Drawing Results in
a Default Name of
DrawingN.dwg
 Use File → Save or
The Save-Tool to
Give the Dwg a new
Name
 Naming AutoCAD Files
• NOT Case Sensitive
• Any Combination of Letters and
Numbers
– Also Allowed = $, -, _
• Not Allowed = , /, %, *
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INTRODUCTION:

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INTRODUCTION:
AutoCAD Drawing Units
• “ACAD” Has Five
Unit-Systems
– Each has Five
Formatting
Parameters
• To Adjust the Unit
System Use the
PullDown Menu
– Format → Units...

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INTRODUCTION:
Format Units
• The Drawing Units
Dialog Box
 In ENGR22 We will
Typically Use for
Length Units
• Type → Decimal
• Insertion Scale → one of
– Inches (in or “)
– Millimeters (mm)
• Precision
– in → 0.00 or 0.000
– mm → 0 or 0.00

Format Units cont
• In ENGR22 We will
Typically Use for Angle
Units
– Type → Decimal
Degree
– Precision → 0 or 0.0
– CounterClockwise
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Standard Paper Sheet Sizes
• USA Standards (in)
– A = 8.5x11 (1.29
AR)
– B = 11x17 (1.55 AR)
– C = 17x22 (1.29 AR)
– D = 22x34 (1.55 AR)
– E = 34x44 (1.29 AR)
• Notes
– Nice, Round No.s
– Inconsistent Aspect
Ratios (ARs)
• ISO 216 Paper (mm)
– A4 = 210x297 (1.41 AR)
– A3 = 297x420 (1.41 AR)
– A2 = 420x594 (1.41 AR)
– A1 = 594x841 (1.41 AR)
– A0 = 841x1189 (1.41
AR)
• Notes
– UNround Numbers
– Constant Aspect Ratio =
2
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Drawing Limits
• In ENGR22 HardCopy
Output will done on
“A-size” (8.5” x 11”)
Paper
• ACAD Drawing Limits
set the Boundaries
– The “Limits” Usually
Set to Match the Paper
Size
• Example: Set
Drawing Limits
1. Open a New
Drawing using
acad.dwt
2. Use the PullDown
Menu: Format →
Drawing Limits...

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Drawing Limits cont
• Brings up notation
in Command Line
3. Accept the Lower-Left at
<0.0000, 0.000> by hitting
Enter
– Brings the Next
Query into the
Command Line
4. Enter 11, 8.5 and hit
Enter to set the Upper
Right Limit

1) Drawing tools: Commands like "Line," "Circle," and "Rectangle" enable users to
create basic geometric shapes with precision.
2) Editing functions: Commands such as "Move," "Copy," and "Rotate" allow for the
manipulation and modification of existing elements within drawings.
3) Annotation tools: Commands like "Text," "Dimension," and "Leader" facilitate the
addition of annotations, dimensions, and labels to convey information effectively.
4) Layer management: With commands such as "Layer," "Layer Properties," and "Layer
Freeze," users can organise and control the visibility and properties of drawing
elements.
5) Object snaps: AutoCAD offers commands like "Endpoint," "Midpoint," and
"Intersection" for precise object snapping and alignment during drawing and editing.
6) Advanced modelling commands: Commands like "Extrude," "Revolve," and "Sweep"
empower users to create 3D models and visualisations.
7) Customisation options: AutoCAD Commands can be customized and extended
through scripting, macros, and the Customize User Interface (CUI) Editor to tailor the
software to specific workflows and preferences, a topic that is frequently explored
in AutoCAD Interview Questions for candidates aiming to demonstrate their expertise.

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INTRODUCTION:
Status Bar:
SNAP: [ F9 ]
The SNAP mode allows to move the curser in
fixed increments.
GIRD: [ F7]
The grid lines are used as reference lines to
draw objects in Auto CAD.
ORTHO: [F8]
This mode allows to draw lines at right angels
only.

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Status Bar:
POLAR: [ F10 ]
The movement of the curser is restricted
along a path based on the angle.
The turning polar tracking on, automatically turns
off the ortho mode.
OSNAP : [ F3 ]
Use of this is to running object snaps on to a
point.
INTRODUCTION:

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Status Bar:
OTRACK:
The object snap tracking on.
DCUS:
This function allows u or disallowes the use
of dynamic (user coordinate system) UCS ; which
ensures that XY plane got dynamically aligned.
INTRODUCTION:

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AutoCAD Drawing Commands
Point
Line
Ray
Xline
Mline
Arc
Circle
Rectangle
Ellipse
Polygon
Spline
Pline
Basic Geometry symbols
Text
Mtext
Spell
Dim
Dim1
Hatch
Bhatch
Region
Text Commands
Dimension Commands
Hatch Commands

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Command Point
Keystroke: POINT / PO
Icon
Menu: Draw > Point >Single Point
Result: Draw a single point
System Variables
PDMODE specifies how point objects are displayed.
PDSIZE specifies the size of point objects.
Point Style dialog box
Command: DDPTYPE
Menu: Format > Point Style

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mand Line
roke: Line / L
u: Draw > Line
t: Draw a straight line segment from one point to the next
For example, the command sequence is
Command: line
Specify first point:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close or Undo]:

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Ray
Creates a semi-infinite line commonly used as construction line. A
ray has a finite starting point and extends to infinity.
Command: RAY Draw menu: Ray
Construction Line
Creates an infinite lines, which are commonly used as construction
lines.
Command: XLINE Draw menu: Construction Line
Multiline Creates multiple parallel lines:
Command: MLINE
Draw menu: Multiline

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Command Arc
Keystroke: Arc / a
Menu: Draw > Arc
Result:Draws an arc based on three points
Notes
• You can create arcs in many ways.
• The default method is to specify three points—a start point, a second
point on the arc, and an endpoint.
• By default, AutoCAD draws arcs counterclockwise.
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Command Circle
Keystroke: Circle / C
Menu: Draw > Circle
Result:Draws a circle based on a center point and radius
Notes
• You can create circles in several ways.
• The default method is to specify the center and radius.
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Command Rectangle
Keystroke: RECTANGLE /RECTANG/ REC
Menu: Draw > Rectangle
Result: Draws a rectangle after you enter one corner and then the second
Options:
Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width
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Command Ellipse
Keystroke: Ellipse/ EL
Menu: Draw > Ellipse
Result: Draws an ellipse or an elliptical arc
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Command Polygon
Keystroke: POLYGON / POL
Menu: Draw > Polygon
Result: Creates an equilateral closed polyline
System Variables
POLYSIDES
It stores the current number of polygon sides.
The range is 3 to 1024.
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Command Spline
Keystroke: Spline / spl
Menu: Draw > Spline
Result: Creates a quadratic or cubic spline curve
Notes:
• SPLINE fits a smooth curve to a sequence of points within a specified
tolerance.
• AutoCAD uses NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) mathematics, which
stores and defines a class of curve and surface data.
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Command Name Donut
Command line: Donut
Draw menu: Donut
Result: Draws filled circles and rings.
Fill Command
Controls the filling of multilines, traces, solids, all hatches, and wide polylines
Command line: fill (or 'fill for transparent use)
OPTIONS command [or from tool menu] displays the Options dialog box, in
which you can set Fill mode and other display settings.
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Command Name Solid
Command line: solid
Draw menu > Surfaces > 2D Solid
Surfaces toolbar:
Result: Creates solid-filled polygons.
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Command Polyline
Keystroke: PLINE / PL
Menu: Draw > Polyline
Result: Creates two-dimensional polylines.
A polyline is a connected sequence of line or arc segments created as a
single object. A rectangle is an example of a polyline.
Polylines have some unique qualities that make them very useful:
· They can have width (constant or varying)
· They can consist of arcs and lines.
· They can be edited
· They can be joined together.
· They can be exploded into individual segments
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Command Text
Keystroke: TEXT
You can use single-line text to create one or more lines of text, where each text
line is an independent object that you can move, format, or otherwise modify.
Right-click in the text box to select options on the shortcut menu. While you
are in the TEXT command:
Click elsewhere in a drawing to start a new set of rows of single-line text
Press Tab or Shift+Tab to move forward and back between the sets of
single-line text
Press Alt and click a text object to edit a set of text lines

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Command Mtext
Keystroke: MTEXT
You can create several paragraphs of text as a single multiline text (mtext)
object. With the built-in editor, you can format the text appearance, columns,
and boundaries.
After you specify the point for the opposite corner when the ribbon is active,
the Text Editor ribbon contextual tab displays. If the ribbon is not active, the in-
place text editor is displayed.

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Command : Spell
Keystroke: spell

Essential navigation commands
Mastering the essential navigation shortcuts is crucial to moving through your
drawings or Pan across the canvas seamlessly. So, let’s have a look at these
commands to navigate AutoCAD with precision and ease:
Command Use Shortcut key
Pan Shifts the view horizontally or vertically Pan or Shift + Mouse wheel
Zoom Adjusts the magnification level of the drawing ZOOM or Scroll wheel
Orbit Rotates the view around the drawing
3DORBIT or Shift + Middle mouse
button
Zoom extents Adjusts the view to display all objects ZOOM or Z + E
Zoom window Zooms in on a specific area of the drawing ZOOM or Z + W
Zoom previous Returns to the previous zoom level and view ZOOM or Z + P
Zoom all Adjusts the view to display all objects ZOOM or Z + A

Drawing and editing commands
Drawing and editing are the core functions of AutoCAD, allowing you to create
and modify the geometry of your designs with precision and creativity. These
functions are essential regardless of how you manage settings like changing Units
in AutoCAD. Let’s have a look at the essential drawing and editing commands in
the software that empower you to bring your ideas to life:
Line Draws a straight line LINE or L
Circle Creates a circle CIRCLE or C
Rectangle Draws a rectangle RECTANGLE or REC
Move Moves objects from one location to another MOVE or M
Copy Creates a copy of selected objects COPY or CO
Rotate Rotates objects about a base point ROTATE or RO
Trim Trims objects to meet edges TRIM or TR
Extend Extends objects to meet edges EXTEND or EX
Fillet Creates a curved corner between two lines FILLET or F

What is AutoCAD Trim Command?
Autocad trim command is defined as trimming a part of an object in Autocad. To
trim the object user, most draw a second object for cutting edge.
The AutoCAD Trim command is used to shorten objects such as lines, arcs, and
polylines to meet the edges of other objects.
The trim command is used to cut unnecessary parts of the drawing in AutoCAD.
The Shortcut Command = ‘TR‘.

The EXTEND command in AutoCAD is used to extend lines, polylines, circles,
and arcs to another line, polyline, circle, or arc defined as the boundary edge.
When the EXTEND command is initiated, the first expected input is the Boundary
Edge. If no boundary edges are selected, and the ENTER key is pressed again
ENTER is pressed twice in a row, one time to initiate the command, then a
second time, every line, Pline, circle, arc, and ellipse becomes a boundary edge.

COMMAND LINE: FILLET
DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: F
The AutoCAD FILLET command is used to connect two drawing objects with
an ARC between them.
Both FILLET and CHAMFER are used to connect drawing objects. FILLET connects
drawing objects with an arc between them. CHAMFER connects drawing objects
with an angled line between them. The two objects being connected do not
necessarily need to have a common intersection to use either command, they only
need to have an implied intersection to use the FILLET or CHAMFER commands.

Dimensioning commands
Mastering the dimensioning shortcuts is essential to communicate the size and
spatial relationships of objects effectively. So, let’s have a look at dimensioning
commands:
DIMLINEAR Creates linear dimensions DIMLINEAR or DIM
DIMRADIUS Places a radius dimension on a circle or arc DIMRADIUS or DR
DIMDIAMETER Inserts a diameter dimension DIMDIAMETER or DD
DIMANGULAR Adds an angular dimension between two lines DIMANGULAR or DA
DIMALIGNED Creates aligned dimensions DIMALIGNED or DAL
DIMORDINATE Specifies the ordinate dimension DIMORDINATE or DO
DIMBASELINE Sets a series of dimensions from a baseline DIMBASELINE or DB

COMMAND LINE: DIM
DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: DIM
Placing dimensions on drawing objects effectively communicates information
about the drawing. Use the DIM command to place dimensions on drawing
objects and organize the dimensions to make them readable.
There are two primary methods to place a dimension in AutoCAD:
1. Dimensioning an object.
2. Dimensioning between two points.

COMMAND LINE: DIM
Selecting an Object to Dimension
To select an object to place a dimension on,
initiate the DIM command and hover the
mouse over the object to be dimensioned.
AutoCAD will show a preliminary dimension
that can be moved to the desired location
with the mouse.
Several actions can be performed in one
instance of the DIM command.
The DIM command will stay active after each
action and prompt for the next action until
ENTER or ESC is pressed while waiting for the
next action to be entered.
In the image below, the pickbox is hovering
over the left vertical line of the rectangle, and
the 10’-0” dimension that is being displayed is
a preliminary dimension. Clicking on the
vertical line will make it a permanent
dimension and the mouse can be moved to
the left or right to place the dimension in the
desired location.

COMMAND LINE: DIM
1. Angular
Angular measures the angle between
objects, or between points on the same
object that are not colinear. When
Angular is selected, three options are
presented.
1.1 Arc
DIM | Angular | Arc option measures
the angle the arc sweeps. Click on the
arc and the dimension contains two lines
that extend from the ends of the arc to
the center. The angle is measured on
these extension lines. In the image
below, the center of the arc is at the end
of the yellow dashed line. Drag the
mouse to place the dimension at the
desired location.

COMMAND LINE: DIM
1.2 Circle
DIM | Angular | Circle option measures the angle between two points on a circle with
the center of the circle being the vertex of the angle.
To use Circle, click on a circle and then select the first point on the circle to begin
measuring the angle from. Then select the second point on the circle the angle will be
measured. In the image below, the point closer to the top of the circle was selected
first, and the second point is towards the lower left. In this case the angle between of
the projected lines from the chosen points to the center of the circle between these
two points is 105 degrees.

COMMAND LINE: DIM
1.3 Line
DIM | Angular | Line measures the angle between two lines. The do not need to
intersect and they cannot be parallel.
In the image below, after selecting the Angular option, the bottom horizontal line was
selected first and when the pickbox is hovering over the angled line, the angle
between them appears. Pick the second line, then move the mouse to place the angle
dimension.

COMMAND LINE: DIM DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: DIM
3. Continue
DIM | Continue is a series of dimensions where each dimension begins where the
previous dimension ended. Unlike Baseline where each dimension is in a different
vertical space, DIM | Continue dimensions are all located on the same vertical plane.
To use DIM | Continue, first create a dimension that additional dimensions are to
continue from. As shown in the image below, when the Continue option is selected,
AutoCAD asks for the first extension line origin. Select the extension line on the side of
the original dimension that you want to continue placing dimensions. In this case, the
right extension line of the original 2’-0” dimension is selected.

Layer management commands
Layers allow you to group and categorise different elements, making
it easier to manipulate, edit, and control their visibility. The following
are some of the Layer management AutoCAD Commands to organise
and manage design elements effectively:
LAYER Opens the layer properties manager LAYER or LA
LAYERPROP
Displays and edits the properties of selected
layers LAYERPROP or LA
LAYERSTATE Saves, restores, and manages layer settings LAYERSTATE or LAS
LAYERP Adds a new layer to the drawing LAYERP or LAYERNEW
LAYDEL Deletes a layer from the drawing LAYDEL or LAYERDELETE
LAYISO Isolates selected layers LAYISO or LISO
LAYUNISO Restores layers that were previously isolated LAYUNISO or LUNISO

COMMAND LINE: LAYER
DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: LA
RIBBON: HOME | LAYERS TAB | LAYER PROPERTIES
Using LAYER Command in AutoCAD
Layers are used to organize drawing objects. Because layers can
be assigned different properties, drawing objects on different
layers can be made to have different visual appearances.
Model Space Layer Properties
1. Status
1.1 Indicates Current Layer
Double click on a layer name to make it the current layer. The
current layer is where all new objects are drawn on.
1.2 Layer Contains Objects
The blue filled in icon is displayed if there are any objects on the
layer.
1.3 Layer Contains No Objects
The grey icon is displayed if there are no objects on the layer.

COMMAND LINE: LAYER
DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: LA
RIBBON: HOME | LAYERS TAB | LAYER PROPERTIES
2. Name
Name of the Layer. To edit the layer name, highlight the layer in the Layer Properties
Manager and press F2.
3. On / Off
3.1. Layer is On
Layers that are On are visible on the screen and will plot.
3.2 Layer is Off
Layers that are Off are not visible on the screen and will not plot and AutoCAD continues to
monitor the location of all objects on layers that are Off. Layers that are Off are included
when the REGEN or REGENALL commands are used, possibly affecting the computer’s
performance.

4. Freeze / Thaw
Freeze and Thaw affects layers in all viewports.
4.1 Freeze
Layers that are Frozen will not be visible on the screen and will not plot. When
a layer is Frozen, it is not included in the REGEN or REGENALL commands,
improving the computer’s performance.
4.2 Thaw
Thawed layers are visible, are available to plot, and are included in
the REGEN and REGENALL commands.
5. Lock / Unlock
5.1 Lock
Objects on Locked layers are visible and not able to be edited.
5.2 Unlock
Objects on Unlocked layers are visible and can be edited.

6. Plot / Do Not Plot
6.1 Plot
Objects on layers with Plot turned on will plot,
if they are also turned On and Thawed.
6.2 Do Not Plot
Objects on layers set to Do Not Plot are still
visible on the screen and will not plot.
7. Color
Press the color icon to choose the color
of the layer.
When the color icon is pressed, the color
palette window appears. In the Index Color
tab, two areas are shown. At the top of the
window, 250 colors can be selected; if one of
these colors is selected, the color number is
displayed. At the bottom of the window, 15
colors can be selected; if one of these colors is
selected, the color name is displayed.

8. Linetype
Press the Linetype of the layer to change the linetype.
When the Linetype is selected, the Select Linetype palette appears. A
new linetype can be selected. Additionally, more linetypes can be added
to the drawing which can be selected for layers and drawing objects.

9. Lineweight
Press the Lineweight of the layer to change the Lineweight.
Select the desired Lineweight for the layer from the Lineweight Palette.
10. Transparency
Press the Transparency level of the layer to
change its transparency.
Change the transparency level to the desired
value. The number entered is the percentage
of transparency, with 90 being the maximum
allowable transparency. A transparency of 0
means the layer will be displayed on the screen
and plotted with no transparency. Using a
higher transparency can be useful to
deemphasize objects in the drawing.

Special AutoCAD Layers
Two layers are present in every AutoCAD drawing that cannot be deleted or have their
name changed. Each has special properties that are important to other functions.
Layer 0
Layer 0 is most effectively used when creating Blocks and X-Refs.
When objects in a Block are placed on Layer 0 as part of the Block definition, those
objects inherit the properties of the layer the Block is inserted on.

AutoCAD HATCH Command
COMMAND LINE: HATCH
DEFAULT KEYBOARD SHORTCUT: H
RIBBON: HOME | DRAW TAB | HATCH

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
In AutoCAD, a HATCH is a pattern of lines and predefined shapes that repeat to
fill an enclosed area. The area may be enclosed in many ways; a closed polyline,
a series of lines / arcs / and circles that all touch in such a way to create a fully
enclosed area, or any group of drawing objects arranged such that a fully
enclosed area exists. If a point is selected that is not in an enclosed area, an
error message appears.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
When the HATCH command is initiated, a new tab appears on the ribbon
which is activated and the focus changes to the Hatch Creation tab. The
Hatch Creation tab is removed when the HATCH command is no longer
active.
There are six tabs on the Hatch Creation tab:
1. Boundaries
AutoCAD requires a boundary around the area the hatch is
being placed.
The initial selection of the boundary can be done in two ways.
2.Pick Points: Select a point inside of an area that is entirely
closed.
2.Select: Select objects that collectively make a closed
area. The objects do not need to be continuous or
connected at their ends.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
2. Pattern
AutoCAD has several pre-defined hatch patterns that come with the software when it is
installed.
Clicking on the double down arrow at the lower right shows more predefined hatch
patterns. Clicking on one of these will select the hatch pattern to be used.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
3. Properties
The Properties tab is where the properties of the hatch are modified.
A HATCH in AutoCAD has ten properties that are assigned to it and can be changed.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
4. Origin
Every Hatch Pattern has an origin from which the pattern starts or originates from. By
default, the origin of all hatch patterns is the origin of the UCS. To select a new origin
point for the hatch, select the Set Origin button on the Origin Tab.
In addition, six predefined locations can be selected for the origin of the hatch to be.
BL – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the Bottom Left of the rectangular extents of the
hatch.
BR – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the Bottom Right of the rectangular extents of
the hatch.
TL – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the Top Left of the rectangular extents of the
hatch.
TR – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the Top Right of the rectangular extents of the
hatch.
Center – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the Geometric Center of the rectangular
extents of the hatch.
Origin – Sets the origin of the hatch to be at the current origin of the UCS.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
5. Options
Options Tab displays three buttons at the top of the ribbon: Associative, Annotative,
Match Properties.
5.1. Associative
An Associative hatch will update its shape when its boundaries are changed, where a
hatch that is not associative will not update its shape when the boundaries are changed.

COMMAND LINE: HATCH
6. Close
Selecting Close will close the hatch creation tab and end the HATCH command.

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