![How to give a command?
• Most of the commands are terminated by
pressing ENTER. A few commands are self-
termination. Pressing ENTER after termination of
a command will reactivate it. You may use UP.
DOWN keys to scroll through commands and or
point inputs used.
• Many commands have options in them. The
options are enclosed in [ ]. To make a particular
option active, simply enter capital letter(s) in that
option in the Command line. The default value(s)
or active option is enclosed in < >. Press ENTER to
accept default values or active option.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocadbasics-250806061505-9ac0a1bf/85/Auto-Computer-Aided-Drafting-Basics-By-K-R-Thanki-33-320.jpg)
Auto Computer Aided Drafting Basics By K R Thanki
- 1. CE 389 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN & GRAPHICS 6TH SEMESTER Lecture-1 Lecture-1 Lecturer Sara Farooq
- 2. CE389 Computer Aided Civil Engineering Design & Graphics CREDIT HOURS: Theory = 0 Practical = 2 Total = 2 PREREQUISITE: CE181 Civil Engineering Drawing COURSE OBJECTIVES: • To achieve proficiency in use of Computer Aided-Design (CAD) tools specially AutoCAD. • To create and interpret typical civil engineering drawings using CAD tools.
- 3. PLOs to be achieved 1 Engineering Knowledge: ☐ 7 Environment and Sustainability: ☐ 2 Problem Analysis: ☐ 8 Ethics: ☐ 3 Design/Development of Solutions: ☐ 9 Individual and Team Work: ☐ 4 Investigation: ☐ 10 Communication: 5 Modern Tool Usage: 11 Project Management: ☐ 6 The Engineer and Society: ☐ 12 Lifelong Learning: ☐ The course is designed so that students will achieve the followong PLOs:
- 4. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES S.N o Outcomes Domain Level of Learni ng PLO 1. Comprehend basic components of civil engineering drawings. Cognitiv e 2 - 2. Demonstrate proficiency in use of AutoCAD. Psycho motor 4 5 3. Produce and interpret typical civil engineering drawings Psycho motor 4 10 Upon successful completion of the course, the student will demonstrate competency by being able to:
- 5. SYLLABUS S. No Topic 1. Basic Concept of AutoCAD a. Drawing Setup procedure b.Basic Commands including texts, layering and defining styles 2. Architectural Drawings of a Building a.Plan of a building b.Elevations c.Cross section and detailing 3. Structural Drawing of a building a.Reinforced Cement Concrete b.Anchorage and splicing in bars c.Cover for reinforcement d.Spacing of bars e.Stirrups f.R.C.C Beams g. Classification of Beams h. R.C.C. Slab i. One way, Two way and Continuous Slab j. R.C.C Columns h. Reinforcement in Column
- 6. SYLLABUS S. No Topic 4. Stair and Stair Case a.Components of Stairs b. Classification of Stairs c. Material of Stairs Water tank 5. Misc Drawings of a Building a. Introduction to symbols for plumbing water supply, sewerage and electrification. b. Plumbing water supply c. Water Distribution system in a building d. Sewerage plan e. Electrification plan 6. Semester Project
- 7. COURSE GUIDELINES • Practical and tutorial periods will be used to prepare AutoCAD assignments under supervision. Students would be in possession of the computers, and they are expected to use these computers with responsibility. • Class assignment should be completed during stipulated periods in computer lab. The students, who miss classes for genuine reasons, will be responsible to makeup the deficiency and complete the class assignments, after the consent of the instructor (PRIOR NOTICE!). • Class assignment will be marked and count towards earning of final grade. Students are advised to ensure timely submission.
- 8. COURSE GUIDELINES • Assignments will be graded based on concept, presentation, work done during stipulated periods and timely submission. • Submission date and time will be announced in the class. Delayed submission are not accepted.
- 9. Class Rules • Attendance will be called once. Be attentive! • You are not allowed to visit irrelevant websites such as Facebook, Gmail etc. during lab. • The use of mobile phone is not allowed. • No makeup quiz/rubrics will be given. • Don’t get late in class, create disturbance or leave the class without permission. • Excuses such as reporting sick, leave or preparation for test or assignment of any other subject etc. for not submitting the assignment in time are not acceptable. • Remember that you are here to learn not copy. • Penalty will be imposed on students which showed carelessness in observing rules.
- 10. • LMS/USB will be used to collect soft copy on the same day. • Submit hard copy next day to respective CR. Individual submissions will not be accepted. Submission
- 11. • Text book – Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD by Dhananjay A Jolhe – Civil Engineering Drawing by J.S. Layal • Handouts and Class notes • Reference books – Basics of Engineering Drawing by Zahid, Ashraf & Siddiqui – Elementary Engineering drawing by N.D. Bhatt
- 12. GRADING • Class behavior & attendance 10% • Assignments/ Rubrics 30-40% • OHTs/Project 20-30% • ESE 30%
- 14. Introduction to CAD • Computer Aided Design and Drafting (also known as CADD) • Use of computers in design and drawing processes • Traditionally, technical drawing were made using manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and it is time consuming particularly for large complex drawings. • CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and transmit original drawings, has made CAD very important. • Example of CAD software: – AutoCAD, PRO/Engineer, IDEAS, UNIGRAPHICS, CATIA, Solid Works, etc.
- 15. CAD offers the following advantages: • Accuracy • Speed • Easy editing • Space effectiveness • Standard libraries • Scaling • Better visualization • Freedom from using drawing instruments
- 16. NOTE It should be noted that the CAD system does not possess intelligence to construct a drawing by itself. The users need to acquire skill and expertise in using CAD software to avail the advantages mentioned above.
- 18. Auto CAD WINDOW Sheet set Manager Sheet set Manager Tool Palettes Tool Palettes
- 19. Object Object Properties Properties Toolbar Toolbar Standard Standard Toolbar Toolbar Pull-down Menus’ Pull-down Menus’ Draw Toolbar Draw Toolbar Modify Toolbar Modify Toolbar Crosshairs Crosshairs Graphics Window / Graphics Window / Drawing Area Drawing Area Command Line Command Line Cursor Coordinate Display Cursor Coordinate Display Layout tab Layout tab Model tab Model tab Pick Box Pick Box Status bar Status bar
- 20. Auto CAD WINDOW The main parts of the Auto CAD window are explained: • Menu bar Contains the default Auto CAD pull down menus: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, Express, Windows, Help
- 21. Auto CAD WINDOW • Standard toolbar Contains standard and frequently used icons such as Cut, Copy, Paste, Match Properties, Zoom, Pan etc. Standard Tools Standard Tools
- 22. Auto CAD WINDOW • Draw toolbar Contains common draw commands: Line, Polyline, Polygon, Rectangle, Arc, Circle, Spline, Ellipse, Hatch, Multiline Text, etc.
- 23. Auto CAD WINDOW • Modify toolbar Contains common modify commands: Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer, Fillet, Explode, etc.
- 24. Auto CAD WINDOW • Properties toolbar Set object properties such as Colour, Linetype and Lineweight.
- 25. Auto CAD WINDOW • Drawing area The space (called Model Space) on the screen used to compose/ edit drawing. It shows a floating crosshair cursor and a user coordinate system (UCS) icon at the lower left corner. By default, the color of the model space is black.
- 26. Auto CAD WINDOW • Layer toolbar Used to make new layer, switch between layers and change layer properties.
- 27. Auto CAD WINDOW • Crosshairs cursor Helps to input points. The cursor is the ‘crosshair’ during draw commands. It changes to a square block (called pick box) during modify commands (i.e., object selection mode). The crosshair movement is controlled by pointing devices (e.g., mouse).
- 28. Auto CAD WINDOW • UCS icon shows the orientation of the X-axis and Y-axis for 2D drawing. The Z-axis is perpendicular to XY plane. • Model tab/ Helps switching between Model Space and Paper Space. In Model Space, • Layout tab the drawing is drawn to 1:1 scale. In Paper Space, the drawing scale can be changed to fit on the paper of required size. Layout tabs are used for plotting and printing.
- 29. Auto CAD WINDOW • Command Window Provides the history of commands. The window can be increased or decreased in size. Auto CAD Text Window, showing history of commands, appears when function key F2 is activated. • Command line Provides the interface between the user and the software. It helps entering commands, options, point inputs, etc. it also displays messages. • Status bar Contains buttons like SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, POLAR, OSNAP, OTRACK, DUCS, DYN, LWT and MODEL. It also displays the cursor coordinates in the lower left corner.
- 30. Function key Use Button on Status Bar F1 Help F2 Auto Cad Text Window(Command History) F3 OSNAP ON/OFF OSNAP F6 Dynamic UCS ON/OFF DUCS F7 Grid ON/OFF GRID F8 Ortho ON/OFF ORTHO F9 Snap ON/OFF SNAP F10 Polar ON/OFF POLAR F11 Object Snap Tracking (OTRACK) ON/OFF OTRACK F12 Dynamic Input ON/OFF DYN To make line weight visible LWT To switch between Model and Paper Space MODEL (PAPER) Coordinates ON/OFF COORDINATE (left end of status bar)
- 31. How to give a command? The commands can be given in one of the following ways: 1.Choose the commands icon on a Toolbar. 2.Type the command in Command line. 3.Type the command near the Crosshair (Dynamic input).
- 32. How to give a command? • When you enter a command in the command line, you need to press ENTER or space bar key to activate the command. • Dynamic input works when DYN button on the Status bar is active. A shortcut menu is displayed when you right –click in the drawing area before entering any command. • Whichever the way you give the command, the command appears in the command line.
- 33. How to give a command? • Most of the commands are terminated by pressing ENTER. A few commands are self- termination. Pressing ENTER after termination of a command will reactivate it. You may use UP. DOWN keys to scroll through commands and or point inputs used. • Many commands have options in them. The options are enclosed in [ ]. To make a particular option active, simply enter capital letter(s) in that option in the Command line. The default value(s) or active option is enclosed in < >. Press ENTER to accept default values or active option.
- 34. AutoCAD – Let’s begin
- 35. Starting AutoCAD • Model Space – Infinite space • Paper Space – Actual scale on paper • Application menu button – New, open, save, drawing utilities etc. • Quick access toolbar • Ribbon (home tab, insert, annotate tab)
- 36. Setting Up Drawing Environment • Drawing units: Indicate metric unit in pop up window at start up Format / Units… Command: un - Decimal units - Precision: 0.00 • Limits Format / Drawing Limits Command: limit In command area, Lower left corner: 0,0 Upper right corner: 200,200 (example: 20x20 cm) Preparing a template Viewing View / Zoom… or select icons (zoom all) or (zoom window) View / Toolbar… : select frequent operations View / Regenerate/ Redraw: to clear the clicked points
- 37. Setting Up Drawing Environment • UCS • Navigation • Change settings? (color, cross hair size etc.) • Open multiple dwgs? • Selection in model space – Left to right (only within blue area) – Right to left (all selected)
- 38. Input using command line 1. Absolute coordinate system (#) – Cartesian (#X,Y) 2. Relative coordinate system (@) – default – Cartesian (X,Y) 3. Polar coordinate system (<) – Length of segment, angle 4. Direct entry
- 40. AutoCAD Basic Aids 1. Snap – object snapping, restricting selection in model space…edit (F9) 2. Grid – Display and edit (F7) 3. Ortho – drawing either vertical or horizontal lines (F8) 4. Polar tracking – drawing at angles (F10) 5. Object snap – snapping points in an object, center, midpoint etc (F3) 6. Object snap tracking – mode for horizontal and vertical paths aligned with a specific point (F11) 7. Dynamic input (F12)
- 41. Basic Commands Draw Toolbar: – Command: line: l Select icon or type line • click the starting point and ending point on the graphic area or • type coordinates of these points • Give direct distance in the command window or crosshair – Command: Text : mtext • Would be able to modify the properties of text. Like height, font etc.
- 42. Basic Commands – Polyline <Pline> enter – single entity – Circle - <c> enter – Arc - <arc> enter – Rectangle - <rec> enter – Polygon - <pol> enter – Hatch - <hat> enter – Dimension - <d> enter
- 43. Basic Operations Modify Toolbar: • Move : <m> enter • Copy: <co> enter • Stretch: <str> enter • Rotate: <ro> enter • Mirror: <mi> enter • Scale: <sc> enter • Trim: <tr> enter, select the point from where you want to trim, then select object for trimming • Extend: <ex> enter, select the point from where you want to extend, then select object for trimming • Fillet: <f> enter, <r> enter • Chamfer: <cha> enter, <d> enter distance, enter • Array: <ar> enter • Erase: <e > enter • Offset : <o> enter, specify distance, enter • Explode: <x> enter
- 44. DIMENSIONING • There are several different types of dimensions • Linear dimensions are used for dimensioning either horizontal or vertical distances. • Aligned dimensions will measure the actual length of an angled line. • Radius dimensions will give you the radius of either arcs or circles. • Diameter dimensions are used on circles. • Angular dimensions will measure the angle between two lines that you pick.
- 45. SUMMARY • An Introduction to AutoCAD • Basic Commands • Zoom & Pan • Defining Limits and Grids • Polylines and Draw Commands • Text & Hatching
- 46. In class exercise • Kindly practice the commands by drawing the figures provided.
Editor's Notes
- #28: User Coordinate System