Introduction and Fundamentals of Bridge Engineering
- 7. The east side of the Iron Bridge, Shropshire in February 2019 showing the dark red paint added in the 2018 restoration.
- 11. 8,546 bridges Total number of bridges in the Philippines as of Nov. 2021 388,057 meters Total length of bridges in the Philippines as of Nov. 2021 6,988 bridges Total number of concrete bridges 1,532 bridges Total number of steel bridges 26 bridges Total number of temporary bridges
- 12. 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 CAR NCR I II III IV-A IV-B V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Total Length of Bridges in meters per Region as of 2021 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 CAR NCR I II III IV-A IV-B V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Total Number of Bridges per Region as of 2021
- 13. 13.39 7.00 15.31 70.09 110.74 120.89 -92.65 -94.73 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Percentage of Increase in Length Year Percentage Increase of Length of Bridges in the Philippines from 2007 to 2021 Concrete Steel Bailey Timber
- 14. GOOD 51% FAIR 44% POOR 4% BAD 1% BRIDGE CONDITION IN THE PHILIPPINES GOOD FAIR POOR BAD
- 19. Conceptual design • Safe • Functional • Aesthetically pleasing • Project cost is within the given budget • Provide the best solution for a given set of conditions
- 21. Caiyuanba Bridge, Chongqing, China. Conditions to be met: • owner’s desire of an arch bridge; • a main span length of 420 m; • high variation of water level and possible ship impacts; • double deck girder which usually looks bulky; • transportation difficulties in material supply; • graceful landscape but foggy; and • owner’s desire of a good-looking bridge.
- 22. Conditions to be met: • owner’s desire of an arch bridge; • a main span length of 420 m; • high variation of water level and possible ship impacts; • double deck girder which usually looks bulky; • transportation difficulties in material supply; • graceful landscape but foggy; and • owner’s desire of a good-looking bridge. Conceptual Design Stage : ▪ Consider all the given conditions ▪ Come up with a concept that will solve all these problems, ▪ Keep both cost and aesthetics in mind. ▪ All decisions were based on experience or some very simple hand calculations.
- 25. Details of the concrete Y-frame
- 26. The method of construction is very important because restriction at the site may render a bridge concept inappropriate due to cost or time schedule. The method of construction should be considered in the conceptual design.
- 28. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
- 29. Step 5 Step 6 Step 4
- 30. Step 9 Step 8 Step 7
- 31. • Conceptual design is where bridges are conceived. • A good conceptual design must properly consider what may be required in the preliminary design stage, detailed design stage and construction design stage; • It must assure that the proposed concept is safe, functional, economical and pleasing to the eye. • The conceptual design must begin by being unique. • The conceptual design is our best opportunity for innovative thinking, and it is where new ideas are conceived.
- 34. Innovation INNOVATIONS ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS -Rotating Pier heads -Incremental Launching Method -Balanced Cantilever Method -3D Printed Bridges MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT -Ultra-high Strength Concrete -Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Retrofitting ADVANCED ANALYSIS -Finite Element Analysis -Usage of Artificial Intelligence for Analyzing Bridges ADVANCED INSPECTION METHODS -Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Inspection Technology (Drone) -Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring