Introduction and properties of protein
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Proteins are natural polymers composed of amino acids that serve as essential structural and functional components in living organisms. They can be categorized into globular and fibrillar proteins based on their shape and properties, and they exhibit unique characteristics such as amphoteric nature and levotatory behavior. Denaturation leads to loss of biological activity and may result in coagulation, impacting their solubility and overall function.
Introduction and properties of protein
- 1. Introduction and Properties of protein S.Sabarinathan Research scholar SRM university
- 2. Proteins • The molecules which yields amino acids upon hydrolysis are called proteins. • Proteins are natural polymer of amino acids. The number of amino acids in a protein molecule may range from two to several thousands. • Protein molecules contain nitrogen, carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
- 3. Cont... • Proteins are the basis for the major structural components of animal and human tissue. • They act as biological catalysts (Enzymes), form structural parts of organisms. Participate in deferent cell reaction,. Act as molecules of immunity and also provide fuel.
- 4. General structure of protein
- 5. General properties of protein • Found in all living organisms. • Involved in processes such a digestion of food, cell structure, Catalysis, Movement, Energy manipulation etc. • Complex molecules. • Polymers of amino acids. Long chains of amino acids are called polypeptides.
- 6. Physical and chemical properties • Proteins are cololourless and usually tasteless. These are homogenous and crystalline. • The proteins range in shape form simple crystalloid spherical structure to long febrile structures. Tow distinct patterns of shape have been recognised – Globular proteins and Fibrillar proteins .
- 7. Cont... • The globular proteins are spherical in shape and occur mainly in pants. Esp.. In seeds and in leaf cells. These are bundles formed by folding and crumpling of proteins chains, eg., pepsin , edestin, Insulin, Ribonuclesase etc.. • The fibrillar proteins are thread- like or ellipsoidal in shape and occur generally in animal muscles. Most of the studies regarding protein structure have been conducted using these protein structure have been conducted using this proteins. Eg., fibrinogen. Myosin etc.
- 8. Cont.. • Proteins generally have large molecular weights ranging between 5*103 and 1*106. it might be noted that the values of molecular weights of many proteins lie close to re multiples of 35,000 and 70,000. • Because of their giant size. The proteins exhibit many colloidal properties, such as; their diffusion rates are extremely slow and they may produce considerable light – scattering in solution, this resulting in visible turbidity ( Tyndall effect ).
- 9. Cont... • Denaturation – it is the changes in the properties of a protein. In other words. It is the loss of biologic activity. In many instances the process of denaturation is followed by coagulation – a process were denatured protein molecules tend to form large aggregates and to precipitate from solution.
- 10. • Amphoteric nature- like amino acids, thee proteins are amphoteric, therefore they act as acids and alkalies both, these migrate in an electric field and direction of migration depends upon the net chare possessed by the molecule, the net charge is influenced by the pH value. Each protein has a fixed value of isolectric point (pl) at which it will move in an electric field.
- 11. Cont... • The solubility of proteins is influenced by pH • Solubility is lowest at isoelectric point and increases with increasing acidity or alkalinity. Thus they will be more soluble than in the isoelectric state. • All protein solutions rotate the plane of polarized light to the left therefore these are levotatotary. • It also posses some chemical properties such as hydrolysis
- 12. Thank you