Introduction of agronomy important questions
- 2. What is Agriculture • Agriculture is taken from two Latin words ager or agri meaning soil and cultura meaning cultivation. • Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and rearing livestock.
- 3. Importance of Agriculture • With a 18-20% contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), agriculture still provides livelihood support to about 54%-58% of country's population. • Agriculture accounts for about 15% of the total export earnings and provides raw material to a large number of Industries (textiles, silk, sugar, rice, flour mills, milk products). • Agriculture sector of India has occupied almost 43% of India's geographical area. • Agriculture’s eyes and minds are changed dynamicly from brown (bare soil) to green (growing crop) to golden (mature crop) and bumper harvests.
- 4. Branches of Agriculture Important Branches Remarks Agronomy Principles and Practices of crop production. Pomology Cultivation of fruit crops Olericulture Cultivation of vegetable crops Floriculture Cultivation of flower crops Animal Husbandry Rearing and caring animals Agricultural engineering Study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes Forestry The management of forested land, together with associated waters and wasteland, primarily for harvesting timber.
- 5. Important Branches Remarks Agricultural Economics Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. Entomology Scientific study of insects. Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk Apiculture or Bee Keeping Rearing of honeybees Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants. Vermiculture Earthworm farming Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring
- 7. Important Branches Remarks Agricultural Economics Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. Entomology Scientific study of insects. Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk Apiculture or Bee Keeping Rearing of honeybees Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants. Vermiculture Earthworm farming Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring
- 9. What is Agronomy •Agronomy is derived from a Greek word ‘agros’ meaning ‘field’ and ‘nomos’ meaning ‘management’. •It is defined as an agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop production.
- 10. Evolution of man and Agriculture • Hunting Pastoral Crop culture Trade
- 11. • 1. Hunting – It was the primary source of food in old days. It is the important occupation and it existed for a very long period. • 2. Pastoral – Human obtained his food through domestication animals, e.g. dogs, horse, cow, buffalo, etc. They lived in the periphery of the forest and they had to feed his domesticated animals. • 3. Crop culture - By living near the river bed, he had enough water for his animals and domesticated crops and started cultivation. Thus he has started to settle in a place. • 4. Trade – When he started producing more than his requirement the excess was exchanged, this is the basis for trade. When agriculture has flourished, trade developed. This lead to infrastructure development like road, routes, etc.
- 12. Some Important Events in Agriculture Year Important Events Earlier than 10000 BC Hunting and gathering 8700 BC Domestication of Sheep 7700 BC Domestication of Goat 7500 BC Cultivation of Wheat and Barley 6000 BC Domestication of Cattle and Pigs 4400 BC Cultivation of maize 3500 BC Cultivation of Potato
- 13. 2900 BC Plough was invented, Irrigated Farming Started 2300 BC Cultivated of chickpea, Cotton, Mustard 2200 BC Cultivation of rice 1500 BC Cultivation of Sugarcane 1000 BC Use of iron Plough 1500 AD Cultivation of orange, Brinjal, pomegranate 1600 AD Cultivation of Sweet Orange, sour orange, Wild brinjal, Pomegranate. Introduction of Potato, Papaya (AFO-2018), tapioca, tomato, Chillies, Groundnut, Tobacco, Rubber, American cotton.
- 14. Milestones • 1880 - Department of Agriculture was established • 1903 - Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was started at Pusa, Bihar • 1912 - Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established in Coimbatore • 1929 - Imperial Council of Agricultural Research at New Delhi (then ICAR) after independence becomes ICAR • 1936 - Due to earth quake in Bihar, IARI was shifted to New Delhi and the place was called with original name Pusa • 1962- First Agricultural University was started at Pantnagar • 1965-67 - Green revolution in India due to introduction of HYV –Wheat, rice, use of fertilizers, construction of Dams and use of pesticides
- 15. Today’s Quiz
- 16. The word tillage is derived from (SKUAST-2023) (a) Greek (b) Latin (c) English (d) Anglo- saxon (d) Anglo- saxon
- 17. Horticulture has been derived from the word hortus, which is: (JRF 2017) (a) English (b) Greek (c) Franch (d) Latin (d) Latin
- 18. The Latin roots for the word "Extension" (a) Ex and Lucco (b) Ex and Tensio (c) Ex and Tention (d) Ex and Termo (b) Ex and Tensio
- 19. The word TAUNGYA is a (a) Latin word (b) Greek word (c) Sankurit word (d) BURMESE word (d) BURMESE word
- 20. Entrepreneur is ________ word . ( MCAER - 2020 ) (a) Latin (b) Greek (c) Greek- Latin (d) Franch (d) Franch
- 21. In Pomology, the word pomum is derived from (pre pg 2020) (a) Franch term (b) Latin term (c) Greek term (d) Spnish term (b) Latin term
- 22. Communication word is derived from which language? (ICAR 2021) (a) Latin (b) Greek (c) Arbic (d) None of these (a) Latin
- 23. Following are some important events for different periods that lead to development of scientific agriculture, Identify the Wrong pair_ (a) 2900- BC plough invented (b) 1000- BC Use of iron plough (c) 1400- BC Use of iron (d) 1600- introduction of American cotton (d) 1600- introduction of American cotton
- 24. Use of perennial trees meant for shading and ornamental purpose is called (jnkvv 2016) (a) Floriculture (b) Ornamental Floriculture (c) Pomology (d) Arboriculture (d) Arboriculture
- 25. The scientific and commercial method of beekeeping for the production of honey and wax is called (CG RAEO 2017) (a) Apiculture (b) Sericulture (c) Silviculture (d) Pisciculture (a) Apiculture