Introduction of bridges
- 1. Introduction of Bridges By :- Shekhar Mehta (12ce010) Bhavdip Mandaviya (12ce0)
- 2. Bridges are needed for joining a gap between the banks of a river or they span the distance between two sides of a valley. They are made from materials including stone and steel. They can carry people, cars, lorries, railways and even rivers. Introduction
- 3. The first bridges were made by nature itself as simple as a log fallen across a stream or stones in a river. The first bridges made by humans were probably spans of cut wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support and crossbeam arrangement. History
- 4. The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions the construction of dams and bridges. A Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed by James Princep. The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor Chandragupta. History in India
- 5. The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century. A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the Mughal administration in India.
- 6. Beam bridge Truss bridge Cantilever bridge Arch bridge Tied arch bridge Suspension bridge Cable-stayed bridge Types of bridges
- 7. Beam Bridge Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by substructure units and can be either simply supported when the beams only connect across a single span, or continuous when the beams are connected across two or more spans.
- 8. Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers -horizontal beams supported on only one end. Most cantilever bridges use a pair of continuous spans that extend from opposite sides of the supporting piers to meet at the center of the obstacle the bridge crosses. Truss Bridge
- 9. Arch bridges have abutments at each end. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at either side. Arch Bridge
- 10. Tied arch bridges have an arch-shaped superstructure, but differ from conventional arch bridges. Instead of transferring the weight of the bridge and traffic loads into thrust forces into the abutments, the ends of the arches are restrained by tension in the bottom chord of the structure. Tied-arch Bridge
- 11. Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes or vines covered with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. Suspension Bridge
- 12. Cable-stayed bridges, like suspension bridges, are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately higher. Cable-stayed Bridge