Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems for set-top boxes and handheld devices, later becoming popular for web applications and Android development. It is known for its object-oriented, platform-independent, and dynamic features, making it suitable for various applications, including IoT. The language was initiated in 1991 by James Gosling and his team, with its initial names being 'Greentalk' and 'Oak.'