Introduction to Android
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Android is an open source operating system used for mobile devices. It was developed by Android Inc. which was later acquired by Google. The key components of Android include the Linux kernel, Dalvik virtual machine, application framework and applications. Android uses an architectural framework, core libraries and runtime environment to allow applications to be developed in Java and run on the Dalvik VM.
Introduction to Android
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID By: Dipali Badgujar
- 3. Introduction: • One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is ANDROID. • Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating system but also middleware and key applications.
- 4. History: • Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. • Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. • Open HandSet Alliances formed Google , HTC , Motorola , Qualcomm , T- Mobile in 2007. • Android is the first OHS product. • After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of Android.
- 6. Versions: • Do you notice that this versions have been released in alphabetical order and on desserts name?
- 7. Released Date : 2008 Sep, 23 Download and updates via Android Market, Web Browser, Camera support, Gmail, Contacts and Google Agenda synchronization, Google Maps, YouTube application. ANDROID 1.0 APPLE PIE/ALPHA
- 8. Released Date: 2009 Feb 9 "Show" & "Hide" numeric keyboard, in caller application. Ability to save MMS attachments. ANDROID 1.1 BANANA BREAD/BETA
- 9. Released Date: 2009 Apr , 30 Bluetooth A2DP, AVRCP support Soft-keyboard with text- prediction Record/watch videos ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE
- 10. Released Date: 2009 Sep , 15 Gesture framework Turn-by-turn navigation ANDROID 1.6 DONUT
- 11. Released Date: 2009 Oct, 26 HTML Digital zoom Microsoft Exchange support Bluetooth 2.1 Live Wallpapers Updated UI ANDROID 2.0 ECLAIR
- 12. Released Date: 2010 May, 20 Speed improvements JIT implementation USB Tethering Applications installation to the expandable memory Upload file support in the browser Animated GIFs ANDROID 2.2 FROYO
- 13. Released Date: 2010 Dec, 06 Updated UI Improved keyboard ease of use Improved power management Improved copy/paste Social networking features Near Field Communication support Native VoIP/SIP support Video call support ANDROID 2.3 GINGERBREAD
- 14. Released Date: 2011 Sep, 20 Android Market updates including easier automatic updates Google Books updates Wi-Fi improvements Chinese handwriting prediction improved ANDROID 3.0 HONEYCOMB
- 15. Released Date: 2011 Oct, 18 New lock screen actions Improved text input and spell-checking Control over network data Email app supports EAS v14 WI-FI direct Bluetooth Health Device Profile ANDROID 4.0 ICE CREAM SANDWICH
- 16. Released Date: 2012 Jul,09 Voice Search Speed enhancements Camera app improvements Accessibility: gesture mode, enable braille external keyboards... ANDROID 4.1 JELLY BEAN
- 17. Released Date: 2013 Oct, 31 Screen recording New Translucent system UI Enhanced notification access System-wide Performance improvements ANDROID 4.4 KITKAT
- 18. Released Date: 2014 Oct, 17 New design (Material design) Speed improvement Battery consumption improvement ANDROID 5.0 LOLLIPOP
- 19. Released Date: 2015 Oct, 05 USB Type-C support Fingerprint Authentication support Better battery life with "deep sleep“ Permissions dashboard Android Pay MIDI support Google Now improvements ANDROID 6 MARSHMALLOW
- 20. Architecture:
- 21. 1. Activity Manager – Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack. 2. Content Providers – Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications. 3. Resource Manager – Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts. 4. Notifications Manager – Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user. 5. View System – An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces. 6. Package Manager – The system by which applications are able to find out information about other applications currently installed on the device. 7. Telephony Manager – Provides information to the application about the telephony services available on the device such as status and subscriber information. 8. Location Manager – Provides access to the location services allowing an application to receive updates about location changes. Architectural Framework:
- 22. 1. android.app − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications. 2. android.content − Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging between applications and application components. 3. android.database − Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes. 4. android.opengl − A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API. 5. android.os − Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication. 6. android.text − Used to render and manipulate text on a device display. 7. android.view − The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces. 8. android.widget − A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc. 9. android.webkit − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications. Libraries:
- 23. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language. Android Runtime:
- 24. At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware. Applications: You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc. Linux Kernel And Applications:
- 25. 1. Install the JDK 2. Download and install the Eclipse for developing android application 3. Download and Install the android SDK 4. Install the ADT plugin for eclipse 5. Configure the ADT plugin 6. Create the AVD 7. Create the hello android application Installation Steps:
- 26. • All applications written in Java and converted to the dalvik executable .dex • Every android app runs its own process, with its own instance of the dalvik virtual machine • Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed to run multiple instances efficiently on a single device • VM uses Linux kernel to handle low-level functionality incl. security, threading, process and memory management Dalvik VM:
- 27. like the web.xml file in Java EE Android Core Building Blocks:
- 28. Android Emulator is used to run, debug and test the android application. If you don't have the real device, it can be the best way to run, debug and test the application. It uses an open source processor emulator technology called QEMU. Android Emulator:
- 29. 1. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_architecture .htm 2. http://www.javatpoint.com/android-core-building-blocks 3. http://www.javatpoint.com/how-to-setup-android-for- eclipse-ide 4. http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/An_Overview_of_the _Android_Architecture#The_Linux_Kernel References: