PRESENTATION ON ANDROID
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- 3. History Introduction ofandroid Android versions Android architecture Security Features ofandroid Advantages ofandroid Disadvantage ofandroid Conclusion
- 4. HISTORY OF ANDROID The history and versions of android are interesting to know. The code names of android ranges from A to J currently, such as Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwitch, Jelly Bean, KitKat and Lollipop. Let's understand the android history in a sequence. 1) Initially, Andy Rubin founded Android Incorporation in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003. 2) In 17th August 2005, Google acquired android Incorporation. Since then, it is in the subsidiary of Google Incorporation. 3) The key employees of Android Incorporation are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White and Nick Sears. 4) Originally intended for camera but shifted to smart phones later because of low market for camera only. 5) Android is the nick name of Andy Rubin given by coworkers because of his love to robots. 6) In 2007, Google announces the development of android OS. 7) In 2008, HTC launched the first android mobile.
- 5. WHATISANDROID? • • • • • It is a open source software platform and operating system for mobile devices Based on the Linux kernel Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)Allows writing managed code in the Java language Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM(Dalvik Virtual Machine),which is used for executing the android applicatn. Google purchased the initial developer of the software , android incorporated in 2005.
- 6. OpenHandsetAlliance • The open handset alliance(OHA) is a business alliance of firm to develop open standard for mobile devices. • Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices • Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services.
- 7. Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included several companies
- 9. Android 1.0 (Angel Cake) The first version of the open source software was released back on 2008 Android 1.1 (Battenberg) on Feb 2009, version 1.1 Android 1.5 (Cupcake) Launched on April 2009 Android 1.6 (Donut)-released on sept 2009 Android 2.0 2.1 (Éclair)-released on 26 October 2009 Android 2.2 (Froyo) released in the summer of 2010 Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) Gingerbread landed by the end of 2010 Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) For the first time Google released a software that was totally focused on tablets. This version, released on 2011 Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0) released on 2012 Android 4.1 (Jelly bean4.1) released on 2013 Android 4.4 (Kit-Kat) released on October 31 2013 Android 5.0 (Lollipop) released on 12th November 2014 Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) released on 5th October 2015 Android 7.0 (Nougat) released on 22nd August 2016 Android 8.0 (Oreo) released on 21 August 2017
- 10. Thesoftware stack is split into FourLayers:: • Theapplication layer • Theapplication framework • Thelibraries and runtime • Thekernel
- 12. •The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. •This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power management, memory management, security etc. •It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.
- 13. • Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.
- 14. • The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU. •Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. It is the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers. •Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code.
- 15. •This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language. •The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use.
- 16. •This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use. •These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application. •It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. •So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.
- 17. … These are as follows:- • • • • • • • Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It enable proper management of all the activities. All the activities are controlled by activity manager. Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such as graphics etc. Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom alerts in statusbar. Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a specified geographical location. Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed packages on device. Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts. Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network connection and all information about services on device.
- 18. the contacts •the final layer on top is Applications. •It includes the home application application , the browser, and apps. •It is the most upper layer in android architecture. •All the applications like camera, browser,sms,calendars,contacts Google are maps, native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of application framework to operate.
- 19. Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned toapplications.
- 20. Android is designed having multi layer security which provides flexibility for this platform. When attackers attempt attack on device, android platform help to reduce the portability of the attack. There are key components of android security which are described as follows: Design review:-when a security model is designed then it will be reviewed by the developers so that risk level will be very less while using the model. Code review and penetrating testing:-the goal of this code review is that in which it will be checked that how the system will become strong? Open source and community review:-android uses open source technologies that have significant external review suchas Linux kernel. Incident response:-android team enables the rapid mitigation of vulnerabilities to ensure that potential risks to all android users are minimized.
- 21. Wi-Fi is turned off Developer logging andanalyzing enhancements I t is optimized for mobile devices. I t enables reuse and replacement of components. Ja va support ,media support, multi touch, video calling,multi tasking ,voice based features, screen capture, camera ,bluetooth,gps,compass and accelerometer,3G Background Wi-Fi location still runs evenwhen
- 22. •The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform •It gives you better notification. •It lets you choose your hardware. •It has better app market(1,80,000 application) •A more mature platform •With the support of many applications, the user can change the screen display. •With Google chrome you can open many window at once. •Supports all Google services: Android operating system supports all of Google services ranging from Gmail to Google reader. all Google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android.
- 23. Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there aremalware. Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing the battery quickly drains. Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own. Extremelyinconsistence in design among apps. Very unstable and often hang or crash.
- 24. Development requirements in •Java •Android SDK •Eclipse IDE (optional) •Bluetooth limitations:- Android doesn't support: Bluetooth stereo Contacts exchange Modem pairing Wireless keyboards •Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android limitations Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form of Java → Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that •There are no split or interval times available. •Small memory size. •Continuous Internet connection is required
- 26. We hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality and may this software is also developed to use in PC’s also.
- 28. RAJAT KUMAR SINGH BE (C.S.E) 4TH SEMESTER