Introduction to Arduino focuses on how arduino can be learned easily

Introduction to Arduino
Arduino 简介

Objectives 目标
By the end of the lesson, students will be
able to:
1. Understand the basic function of an
Arduino board and associated components.
2. Use Tinkercad to build a virtual circuit
with an LED.
3. Write basic Arduino code to control the
LED.
在课程结束时，学生将能够：
1. 了解 Arduino 板和相关组件
的基本功能。
2. 使用 Tinkercad 构建带有
LED 的虚拟电路。
3. 编写基本的 Arduino 代码来
控制 LED 。

What is Arduino?
- Arduino is a microcontroller board that
can be programmed to control different
electrical components like LEDs, motors,
sensors, etc.
- Microcontroller: A small computer inside
the Arduino that processes commands from
the code you write.
- Digital Input/Output (I/O) Pins: These
pins are used to connect external
components like LEDs, sensors, etc. Pins
can either output voltage (turn something
on, like an LED) or input voltage (read
something, like a button press).
Arduino 是一个微控制器板，可以对
其进行编程以控制不同的电气组件，
如 LED 、电机、传感器等。
微控制器： Arduino 内部的一台小
型计算机，用于处理您编写的代码中
的命令。
- 数字输入 / 输出（ I/O ）引脚：这
些引脚用于连接 LED 、传感器等外
部组件。引脚可以输出电压（打开
某个东西，如 LED ）或输入电压
（读取某个东西，如按下按钮）。

Components and Their Roles
1. Arduino Uno:
- The main board we will use to control the LED.
- The pins on the Arduino board allow us to connect different
components. We’ll be using pin 13 for output.
1. Arduino Uno ：
- 我们将用于控制 LED 的主板。
- Arduino 板上的引脚允许我们连接不同的组件。我们将使用引脚
13 进行输出。

2. Breadboard:
- A tool for building temporary circuits without soldering.
- The breadboard has two sets of holes for components; we use the
horizontal rows to connect different components.
- Two vertical rails are usually reserved for power (+) and ground (GND).
2. 面包板：
- 无需焊接即可构建临时电路的工具。
- 试验板有两组组件孔 ; 我们使用水平行来连接不同的组件。
- 两个垂直导轨通常保留用于电源（ + ）和接地（ GND ）。

3. LED (Light Emitting Diode):
- A small light that turns on when electricity flows through it.
- Important: The LED has two legs:
- Anode (longer leg): Connects to the positive (power) side.
- Cathode (shorter leg): Connects to the ground (negative).
3. LED （发光二极管）：
- 当电流流过时会亮起的小灯。
- 重要提示： LED 有两个脚管：
- 阳极（较长的腿）：连接到正极（电源）侧。
- 阴极（较短的腿）：连接到地面（负极）。

4. Resistor (220Ω):
- Limits the current flowing through the LED to prevent it from burning out.
4. 电阻（ 220Ω ）：
- 限制流经 LED 的电流，以防止其烧坏。
5. Wires:
- Used to connect components together on the breadboard.
5. 电线：
- 用于将试验板上的组件连接在一起。

Materials
- Access to Tinkercad (create
accounts prior to the lesson)
- Basic components: Arduino
Uno, Breadboard, LED,
Resistor (220Ω), and wires
(virtual in Tinkercad)
- 访问 Tinkercad （在课前创建
帐户）
- 基本组件： Arduino Uno 、面
包板、 LED 、电阻器
（ 220Ω ）和电线（在
Tinkercad 中虚拟）

1. Place the Arduino Uno on the
workspace in Tinkercad.
2. Add a breadboard to the workspace.
3. Place an LED on the breadboard:
- The anode (long leg) connects to
pin 13 of the Arduino.
- The cathode (short leg) connects to
a 220Ω resistor.
- The other end of the resistor
connects to GND on the Arduino
(Ground).
Connection:
•Arduino pin 13 → LED Anode
•LED Cathode → Resistor
•Resistor → GND on the Arduino
1. 将 Arduino Uno 放在
Tinkercad 的工作区上。
2. 将试验板添加到工作区。
3. 将 LED 放在试验板上：
- 阳极（长腿）连接到 Arduino
的引脚 13 。
- 阴极（短腿）连接到一个
220Ω 电阻。
- 电阻器的另一端连接到
Arduino 上的 GND （接地）。

Basic Arduino Code
Task: Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code.
Code Breakdown:
Every Arduino program has two main functions:
1.setup():
1.This function runs once when you start the program.
2.We use it to set up the pin mode (input or output).
2.loop():
1.This function runs continuously (in a loop).
2.It’s where the main logic of the code goes, controlling what the
Arduino does repeatedly.

Basic Arduino Code
// Pin number where the LED is connected
int ledPin = 13;
Code Explanation:
• This line declares a variable ledPin that stores the pin
number of the LED. In our case, it’s connected to pin 13.
• The red text that starts with // is called a comment. This is
use to label or describe the code

Basic Arduino Code
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
Code Explanation:
• pinMode(): This function sets the mode of a pin, either INPUT
(if you're reading data like a button press) or OUTPUT (if you're
controlling something like an LED).
• Here, pin 13 is being set as an OUTPUT so that we can send
power to it and light up the LED.

Basic Arduino Code
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on the LED
delay(1000); // Wait for one second
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off the LED
}
Code Explanation:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH): Sends power to the LED, turning it on. HIGH me
on."
delay(1000): Pauses the program for 1000 milliseconds (1 second).
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW): Turns off the LED by stopping the power flow. LO
"turn off."
Another delay(1000) keeps the LED off for 1 second before looping back and tur
again.

Basic Arduino Code
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on the LED
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off the LED
}
Code Explanation:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH): Sends power to the LED, turning it on. HIGH means "turn
on."
delay(1000): Pauses the program for 1000 milliseconds (1 second).
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW): Turns off the LED by stopping the power flow. LOW means
"turn off."
Another delay(1000) keeps the LED off for 1 second before looping back and turning it on
again.

Basic Arduino Code
Task 2: Modify the delay time to change the blinking speed of
the LED (e.g., try 500 milliseconds, 2000 milliseconds).
delay(500); // LED blinks every half second

Basic Arduino Code
Task 3:
Challenge the
students to add
a second LED
and alternate
blinking
between the
two.
int ledPin1 = 13; // First LED
int ledPin2 = 12; // Second LED
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH); // Turn on first LED
digitalWrite(ledPin2, LOW); // Turn off second LED
digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW); // Turn off first LED
digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH); // Turn on second LED
}

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