Introduction to Biochemistry
This document provides an overview of biochemistry. It begins by defining biochemistry as the study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems. It then discusses how biochemistry involves the chemical processes that occur in cells and organisms, and how biochemical tests are used for diagnosis and treatment of disease. The document also summarizes the hierarchy of molecular components in a cell from biomolecules to macromolecules to organelles. It provides details on the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, such as their size, presence of organelles, and cell division processes. The document concludes by discussing techniques for isolating subcellular organelles like homogenization and differential velocity centrifugation.
Introduction to Biochemistry
- 1. BIOCHEMISTRY Prepared By Saurabh Shrivastava Assistant Professor Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Durg 1
- 3. Biochemistry тАжтАж Study of the Structure, Composition, and Chemical Reactions of Substances in Living Systems Chemistry Biochemistry Biology 3
- 4. Biochemistry Biochemistry involves the chemical processes that occur in all living cells and organisms. Biochemistry is crucial to nurses in understanding how the human body functions in both normal and various disease states 4
- 5. тАв Biochemistry is a science which deals with the molecules occur in cell/ organism or their chemical reactions. тАв Biochemical test are perform to proper diagnosis and treatment of disease. Biochemistry 5
- 6. The Cell And its Organelles Supramolecular Complexes e.g Enzyme complexes, ribosomes, chromosomes Macromolecules Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, DNA, RNA Biomolecules (Building Blocks) Amino acids, Sugars, Fatty acids, Glycerol, Nucleic acids Metabolites Pyruvate,citrate, succinate, Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Precursors H2O, CO2, NH4 +, NO3 - and N2 Hierarchy of Molecular Components in a Cell 6
- 7. Cell тАв A cell is the structural and functional unit of life тАв A cell is a basic unit that is capable of performing life functions 7
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- 9. Types of Cell Cells are broadly divided into two types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic Prokaryotic cell: тАв Prokaryotic cells tend to be smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. тАв Prokaryotes are all unicellular organisms, so they rely on their cellular structures for all functions of life. тАв Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic cell: тАв Eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular. тАв Multicellular eukaryotes may have many different types of cells within a single organism, each specialized to carry out a particular function, such as electrochemical signaling (e.g., neurons) or movement (e.g., muscles) тАв Example: Animal and Plant cell 9
- 10. Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells 10
- 13. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Characteristics Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells Size Small (1-10 ┬╡m) Large (10 -100 ┬╡m) Cell Membrane Rigid Cell wall Flexible Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles absent Organelles present Sub cellular organelles Absent Present (Mitochondria, Lysosome etc) Nucleus Not well defined DNA find in Nucleoide Histone is absent Well defined DNA is associated with Histone protein Cell division Usually fission and no mitosis Mitosis 13
- 14. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 14
- 15. Homogenization тАв With help of glass/teflon homogenizer cells are disrupted by- suspending in isotonic solution (0.25 M buffer at pH 7.4) тАв Differential velocity Centrifugation. тАв Separation based on their size 15 Isolation Of Subcellular Organelles
- 16. 16 Isolation Of Subcellular Organelles
- 17. THANK YOU Does anyone have any questions? Saurabh Shrivastava Email: saurabhshri1991@gmail.com