Introduction to biostatistics
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Biostatistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data, especially as it relates to biological and medical problems. It involves studying populations and samples, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. Biostatistics has a long history dating back to John Graunt who used mortality bills to make predictions, but it remains challenging due to the mixture of systematic and random factors in life.
Introduction to biostatistics
- 2. A BLACK BELT For every 10,000 people that join a Martial Arts Academy, HALF will drop out with-in the first 6 months. Of those remaining students, about 1,000 will complete 1 year of training and then quit. 500 will study for 2 years. But only 100 will see their 3rd year anniversary. On the average, ONLY 10 will make 1st Degree Black Belt. Usually, Only 1 will make it to 2nd Degree Black Belt. So The statistics says that…. If this person is a BLACK BELT! This person is 1 in 10,000!
- 3. STATISTICS IS “A SCIENCE OF FIGURES”…… Helps us make sense of DATA Is Multi Disciplinary
- 8. The science of collecting, monitoring, analyzing, summarizing, and interpreting data. DEFINITION
- 9. Statistics applied to biological (life) problems, including : • Public health • Medicine • Ecological and environmental BIOSTATISTICS
- 11. “If there were no variation, if every observation were predictable, a mere repetition of what had gone before, there would be no need for statistics.”
- 12. HISTORY
- 14. PLAGUE OUTBREAK • During the outbreak of plague in England, they started publishing the weekly death statistics. • This practice continued and these bills of mortality, listed births and deaths this caught the attention of CAPT.JOHN GRAUNT.
- 15. IN 1662, CAPT.JOHN GRAUNT USED 30 YEARS OF THESE BILLS TO MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO WOULD DIE FROM VARIOUS DISEASES AND PROPORTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE BIRTHS THAT COULD BE EXPECTED.
- 18. Why Can it be Interesting? Combines rigors of mathematics with uncertainties of the real world. Can make contribution to advancement of science, statistics, medicine, and public health. Can study diseases/health problems in which you may have an interest (cancers, HIV, reproductive health, …)
- 19. WhyisitaChallenge??? Much of life is composed of a systematic component and a random component.
- 20. Example: Smoking is associated with lung cancer. Yet not everyone that smokes gets lung cancer, and not everyone that gets lung cancer, smokes. Yet we know that there is an association (a systematic component)
- 21. ⊸Our challenge Identify the systematic component (separate it from the random component), estimate it, and perhaps make inferences with it.
- 22. BIOSTATISTICS CONSTITUTES BACK BONE OF RESEARCH METHODS BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH
- 23. “Delivering modern, high quality care to patients now relies increasingly on routine reference to scientific papers and journals, rather than traditional textbook learning” FROM TEXTBOOKS TO JOURNALS…. HEALTHCARE PARADIGM SHIFT….
- 25. 25 PopulationsandParameters Population A group of individuals that we would like to know something about. Parameter A characteristic of the population in which we have a particular interest. Often denoted with Greek letters (μ, σ, ρ) µ = POPULATION MEAN
- 26. 26 Samples and Statistics Sample A subset of a population (hopefully representative) Statistic A characteristic of the sample 𝒙 = SAMPLE MEAN
- 27. SUBDIVISIONS OF STATISTICS THEY CAN BE SEPARATED INTO TWO BROAD CATEGORIES: 1.DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2.INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Numbers used to summarize and describe data Make inferences about the population using what is observed in the sample.
- 30. SUMMARY • STATISTICS - THE SCIENCE OF NUMBERS • HISTORY – JOHN GRAUNT AND BILLS OF MORTALITY • BIOSTATISTICS - INTERESTING AND CHALLENGING • BIOSTATISTICS BASICS - Population and Parameters - Sample and Statistics • TYPES - Descriptive - Inferential