Introduction to Bluetooth
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Bluetooth is a short-range wireless radio technology that allows devices within 10 meters of each other to connect and exchange information without wires. It was designed to replace wired connections between mobile devices and peripherals. The presentation introduces Bluetooth specifications such as operating frequency, power levels, data rates, and link types. It describes Bluetooth topologies including piconets, scatternets and power states. Common Bluetooth profiles and the Android Bluetooth architecture are also summarized. The presentation credits and refers to multiple other sources for the included information on Bluetooth.
![Introduction to
Bluetooth
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University
Most of slides are referred to and all credits should go to:
[1] Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare, 2011.
[2] Erin Yueh, Android Bluetooth Introduction, slideshare, 2009.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/11-151120092311-lva1-app6892/85/Introduction-to-Bluetooth-1-320.jpg)
Introduction to Bluetooth
- 1. Introduction to Bluetooth Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University Most of slides are referred to and all credits should go to: [1] Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare, 2011. [2] Erin Yueh, Android Bluetooth Introduction, slideshare, 2009.
- 2. 2 Smart Device Structure 8. Introduction to IoT 9. Smart Device RF & Antennas 10. Introduction to RTOS 11. Introduction to Bluetooth
- 3. 3 Why Bluetooth? • Aims at so-called ad hoc piconets which are local area networks with a very limited coverage and without the need for an infrastructure. • Designed to be used to connect both mobile devices and peripherals that currently require a wire □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 4. 4 Spec. (I) • “USB without wires” • Short range wireless radio technology – Operation range of 10 meters – RF is centered at 2.45 GHz. (RF Channels: 2420+k MHz, k = 0~78) – Frequency hopping is used to combat interference in wireless environment. – TDD for full duplex communications □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 5. 5 Spec. (II) • Power levels – Sleeping power - 30 uA – Transmission power - 800 uA – Standby mode - 300 uA • Price is less. • Operates on circuit and packet switching modes • Provides both asynchronous and synchronous data services. □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 6. 6 Spec. (III) • Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps), Bluetooth is slower. • Bluetooth can – Recognize Bluetooth device in radio range. – Permit easy connection of devices. – Be aware of device types. – Support service discovery. □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 7. 7 Possible Devices • Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from: – Smartphones – Headsets – Computers – Cameras – Smart devices – Cars – etc. □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 8. 8 Radio Coverage • Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet • Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet • Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 9. 9 Overview • Capacity – 1 Mbps per channel – Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences • Link types – Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO) – Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL) • Topology and medium access control – Master-slave architecture □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 10. 10 Link Types • SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) – The SCO link is point-to-point between master and slave. The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals. Packet retransmissions are not allowed. • ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less) – ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves. Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity. □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 11. 11 Power States □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare. low power mode
- 12. 12 Power Management • Stand-by (SB) or idle – Devices not connected in a piconet – Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent): scan for 10 ms every 1.28-3.84 seconds • Park (P) – Devices are part of a piconet, but not active, low power mode – Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses active member address (AMA). • Hold (H) – Similar to parked mode, but devices keep AMA address – Resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD state • Sniff (Sn) – Used only by slave devices for power conservation – Device is active, but listens to channel at a reduced rate. Not on every slot □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 13. 13 Piconet □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 14. 14 Scatternet □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare.
- 15. 15 Protocol Stack □ Courtesy to Victer Paul, Bluetooth, slideshare. • OBEX: Object Exchange • RFCOMM: RF Communication • SDP: Service Discovery Protocol • TCS: Telephony Control Protocol • WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
- 16. 16 Android Bluetooth □ Courtesy to Erin Yueh, Android Bluetooth Introduction, slideshare.
- 17. 17 Bluetooth Architecture □ Courtesy to Erin Yueh, Android Bluetooth Introduction, slideshare.