Introduction to Common Bone Disorders
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This document provides an introduction to common bone disorders. It begins by defining bone and its importance in providing structure, protection, and a site for blood cell production. Bone disorders are divided into congenital and acquired categories. Congenital disorders include Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Achondroplasia, and Osteopetrosis. Acquired or metabolic bone diseases are caused by abnormalities in minerals, vitamins, bone mass or structure and include Osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, Rickets/Osteomalacia, and Hyperparathyroidism. Each condition is briefly characterized in terms of symptoms and causes of abnormal bone structure or composition.
Introduction to Common Bone Disorders
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMON BONE DISORDERS NUR HANISAH ZAINOREN SERIAL NO. 55
- 2. Objective By the end of this seminar, we should be able to understand: • Bone and it’s importance • Division of bone disorders • Brief characteristics of each bone disease
- 3. What is Bone? • Bone is living tissue that provides shape and support for the body, as well as protection for some organs. • Bone also serves as a storage site for minerals and provides the medium(marrow) for the development and storage of blood cells.
- 4. Bone disease Refers to the medical conditions which affect the bone. It is a condition that damages the skeleton and makes bones weak and prone to fracture
- 5. Bone Disease Congenital Osteogenesis Imperfecta Achondroplasia Osteopetrosis Acquired Osteoporosis Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) Rickets and Osteomalacia Hyperpara- thyroidism
- 6. 1. Osteogenesis Imperfecta • Brittle Bone Disease • Caused by abnormal type I collagen synthesis • resulting in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.
- 7. 2. Achondroplasia • Point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) that results in its constitutive activation. Inhibits chondrocyte proliferation Suppress expansion of normal epiphyseal growth plate Severely stunted long bone growth
- 8. 3. Osteopetrosis • A group of rare genetic disorders characterized by reduced osteoclast-mediated bone resorption defective bone remodelling • Result in dense but architecturally unsound bone
- 9. Acquired/Metabolic Bone Disease Disorders of bone strength, usually caused by abnormalities of minerals (such as calcium or phosphorus), vitamin D, bone mass or bone structure. 1. Osteoporosis 2. Paget Disease (Ostitis Deformans) 3. Rickets and Osteomalacia 4. Hyperparathyroidism
- 10. 1. Osteoporosis • The most common bone disease. • This condition is caused by a reduction in bone density, which leads to more fragile bones and a higher risk of fractures.
- 11. 2. Paget Disease (Ostitis Deformans) • The bone remodeling is disturbed and not synchronized. • The net effect of this process is a gain in bone mass ; however, the newly formed bone is disordered and lacks strength
- 12. 3. Rickets and Osteomalacia • Manifestations of vitamin D deficiency or its abnormal metabolism • Defective bone mineralization overabundant non-mineralised osteoid
- 13. 4. Hyperparathyroidism • Primary or secondary over production of PTH (hyperparathyroidism) • Increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption fractures and deformities
- 14. Arthritis • Arthritis is one of the most common conditions in the world. • Arthritis literally means joint inflammation. MAJOR TYPES OSTEOARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- 17. CONCLUSION • Importance of bones: – Support – Protection – Storage site – Medium • Division of bone disorders: – Congenital – Acquired
- 18. References • Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Edition, Kumar, Elsevier • http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_s ervices/bone_disorders/Pages/index.aspx • http://www.interactive-biology.com/3869/overview- of-three-common-bone-disorders-osteoarthritis- rheumatoid-arthritis-and-osteoporosis/ • http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/boneh ealth/factsheet1.pdf
Editor's Notes
- #8: The words "osteogenesis imperfecta" mean bone that is imperfectly made from the beginning of life
- #9: Normal epiphyseal growth plate expansion is suppressed and long bone growth is severely stunted
- #13: This unique skeletal disease is characterised by repetitive episode of frenzied, regional osteoclastic and bone resorption (osteoclastic stage), followed by exuberant bone formation (mixed osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage), and finally by an apparent exhaustion of cellular activity (osteosclerotic stage).
- #14: This contrasts with osteoporosis, where the mineral content of the remaining bone is normal, but the total bone mass is decreased.