Bones
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The document discusses the musculoskeletal system and provides an overview of bone structure and classification. It identifies the main functions of bones as support, protection, movement, storage of minerals/fats, and blood cell formation. Bones are classified based on location in the body, shape, and internal structure as either compact or spongy bone.
![Introduction
Bone is a calcified osteoid [os = bone
+ oid = form or resemblance] tissue.
Bones function as levers, mineral salts store,
supporters and protectors of the vital organs
of the human body. Bones have several
classifications along with its sub-
classifications, that you need to know all
about it.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bones-121223092548-phpapp01/85/Bones-3-320.jpg)
Bones
- 1. KKU_Biomech_M1_L1 Musculoskeletal system Lesson (1) Dr / Shimaa Essa Lecturer of physical therapy , faculty of community, King Khalid university
- 2. Upon successful completion of this lesson you would be able to: 1- Identify functions of bones. 2- Distinguish between different Classifications of bones. 3- Name all bones of the human skeleton.
- 3. Introduction Bone is a calcified osteoid [os = bone + oid = form or resemblance] tissue. Bones function as levers, mineral salts store, supporters and protectors of the vital organs of the human body. Bones have several classifications along with its sub- classifications, that you need to know all about it.
- 4. Functions of Bones 1) Support of the body 2) Protection of soft organs 3) Movement due to attached skeletal muscles 4) Storage of minerals and fats 5) Blood cell formation
- 6. Long Short Shape Irregular Pneumatic Skull Flat Bone Rib cage classifications (Ribs + Sternum) Axial skeleton Vertebral column Location Shoulder girdle + Appendicular Upper limb skeleton Pelvic girdle Dynamic Compact + structure Spongy Lower limb
- 7. Classification of bone according to location
- 8. Appendicular Axial skeleton skeleton
- 9. Forms the longitudinal part of the body Divided into three parts Skull Vertebral Column Rib Cage
- 11. Skull
- 12. The Vertebral Column Consists of 33 Consists of 5 regions: vertebrae 1. Cervical region Vertebrae separated (7 vertebrae). by intervertebral discs 2. Thoracic region (12 vertebrae). The spine has 4 normal curvatures 3. Lumber region (5 vertebrae). 4. Sacral region (5vertebrae). 5. Coccygeal region (4 vertebrae).
- 14. Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae Sternum Costal cartilages •7 True ribs are directly attached to the sternum (first 7 pairs) •3 false ribs are joined to the 7th rib •2 floating ribs
- 16. Divided into 2 parts 1- Upper appendicular skeleton ( shoulder girdle + upper limb) 2- Lower appendicular skeleton (pelvic girdle + lower limb)
- 17. Upper oShoulder (pectoral) girdle: Scapula + Clavicle o Upper limb: 1- Proximal segment bone ( ) 2- Intermediate segment bones ( ) 3- Distal segment of bones (8 Carpals, 5 Metacarpals, 14 phalanges).
- 18. Upper Distal segment Three sets of bones (8 Carpals, 5 Metacarpals, 14 phalanges).
- 19. Lower o Pelvic girdle: 2 Hip bones + Sacrum o Lower limb: 1- Proximal segment bone (Femure) 2- Intermediate segment bones ( , ) 3- Distal segment of bones (7 Tarsals, 5 Metatarsals, 14 phalanges).
- 20. Lower Three sets of bones (7 Tarsals, 5 Metatarsals, 14 phalanges).
- 21. Classification of bone according to shape
- 22. 1. Long- bones are longer than they are wide, and have a shaft and 2 condyles.(Humerus, metacarpals) 2. Short- usually square in shape, cube like (carpals, tarsals) 3. Flat- flat , curved (cranial bones, Sternum) 4. Irregular- odd shapes (vertebrae, pelvis) 5. Pneumatic - has air filled spaces e.g. cranial bones.
- 23. Structure of a long bone 1. Shaft a. Hollow cylinder of compact bone. b. Central cavity contains bone marrow -- production of blood cells. 2. Epiphyses. a. Surface of compact bone. b. Central areas are spongy bone -- contain bone marrow.
- 24. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 25. Two basic types Compact bone • Homogeneous, hard Spongy bone Small spong-like pieces of bone Many open spaces
- 26. In this lesson we discussed functions of bones, Learned how bones are classified, and also knew names of each bone in the human skeleton.