INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Mohsin Gulab Tanwari
Electrical Engineering 1
033-17-0027
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INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
AssignedbySirAfaqueMAnzoor
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COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory,
that can accept data, process the data
according to specified rules, produce
results, and store the results for future
use.
Assigned By Sir Afaque Manzoor
Mohsin Gulab Tanwari BE-1
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Parts of Computer
There are four main parts of computer.
 C.P.U (Central Processing Unit)
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Monitor
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Keyboard
A computer keyboard is one of the
primary input devices used with a
computer that looks similar to those found
on electric type writers, but with some
additional keys. Keyboards allow you to
input letters, numbers, and
other symbols into a computer that can
serve as commands or be used to type text.
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Mouse
A computer mouse is a handheld
hardware input device that controls
a cursor in a GUI and can move and
select text, icons, files, and folders. For
desktop computers, the mouse is placed
on a flat surface such as a mouse pad or
a desk and is placed in front of your
computer. The picture to the right is an
example of a desktop computer mouse
with two buttons and a wheel.
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Monitor
Alternatively referred to as a video
display terminal (VDT) and video
display unit (VDU), a monitor is
an output device that displays video
images and text. A monitor is made up
of circuitry, a screen, a power supply,
buttons to adjust screen settings, and
casing that holds all of these
components
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System Unit
The system unit is a case that
contains electronic components
of the computer that are used to
process data.
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Data and Information
Data
 Computers process data.
 Data is a collection of unprocessed
items, which can include text,
numbers, images, audio, and video.
Information
 To information
 Information is a collection of
processed items, which can include
text, numbers, images, audio, and
video conveys meaning and is useful
to people.
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THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
A computer contains many electric,
electronic, and mechanical components
known as hardware. These components
include input devices, output devices, a
system unit, storage devices, and
communications devices.
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Input and Output
Input
An input device is any hardware
component that allows you to enter data
and instructions into a computer. Six
widely used input devices are the
keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
digital camera, and PC video camera
Output
An output device is any hardware
component that conveys information to
one or more people. Four commonly
used output devices are a printer, a
monitor, speakers, and a portable media
player
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Mother Board (1/2)
DEFINITION
The circuitry of the system
unit usually is part of or is
connected to a circuit board
called the motherboard. Two
main components on the
motherboard are the
processor and memory. The
processor, also called the
central processing unit
(CPU).
MEMORY
computer. Memory consists
of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to
be executed and data needed
by those instructions. Most
memory keeps data and
instructions temporarily,
which means its contents are
erased when the computer is
shut off.
CPU
The processor, also called the
central processing unit
(CPU), is the electronic
component that interprets
and carries out the basic
instructions that operate the
computer.
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Mother Board (2/2)
MOTHER BOARD MEMORY CPU
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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Software, also called a program, is a series of
instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do
it. You interact with a program through its user interface.
Software today often has a graphical user interface. With a
graphical user interface (GUI pronounced gooey), you
interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual
images.
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ICON
An icon is a miniature image
that represents a program, an
instruction, or some other object.
You can use the mouse to select
icons that perform operations
such as starting a program.
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Software
System Software
System software consists of the
programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its
devices.
Application Software
Application software consists of
programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist them with
personal tasks.
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System Software
Operating System
 An operating system is a set of programs
that coordinates all the activities among
computer hardware devices.
 Many of today’s computers use Windows
XP or Vista, two of Microsoft’s operating
systems, or Mac OS X, Apple’s operating
system.
Utility Program
 A utility program allows a user to
perform maintenance-type tasks usually
related to managing a computer, its
devices, or its programs.
 Most operating systems include several
utility programs for managing disk
drives, printers, and other devices and
media.
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Software Development
Programmers use a programming
language or program development tool
to create computer programs. Popular
programming languages include C++,
Visual C#, Visual Basic, JavaScript, and
Java. shows part of a JavaScript
program.
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Hardware
Hardware is best described as any physical
component of a computer system that contains a circuit
board, ICs, or other electronics. A perfect example of
hardware is the screen on which you are viewing this page.
Whether it be a computer monitor, tablet or smartphone;
it's hardware. Without any hardware, your computer would
not exist, and software could not be used. The picture is
a Logitech webcam, an example of an external
hardware peripheral. This hardware device allows users to
take videos or pictures and transmit them over the
Internet.
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CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
Industry experts typically classify computers in
seven categories: personal computers, mobile
computers and mobile devices, game consoles,
servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and
embedded computers. A computer’s size, speed,
processing power, and price determine the category
it best fits. Due to rapidly changing technology,
however, the distinction among categories is not
always clear-cut.
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PERSONAL COMPUTERS
A personal computer is a computer that
can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself. A
personal computer contains a processor,
memory, and one or more input, output,
and storage devices. They also often
contain a communications device.
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MAINFRAMES
A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful computer
that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users
simultaneously Mainframes store
huge amounts of data,
instructions, and information.
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SUPERCOMPUTERS
A supercomputer is the fastest,
most powerful computer — and the
most expensive. The fastest
supercomputers are capable of
processing more than 135 trillion
instructions in a single second.
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Start and Close an Application
An application accomplishes tasks
on a computer. You can start any
application by using the Start button.
 Click the Start button at the left of
the end corner
 Windows taskbar on the bottom of
the screen to display the Start menu.
 Click All Programs on the Start
menu to display the All Programs
list.
 Click the program name, Internet
Explorer, in the All Programs list to
open the Internet Explorer browser
window
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

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