Basic computer concepts

What is a computer?
An electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own
memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate the data according to
specified rules (process), produce
information (output) from the
processing, and store the results for
future use.

What does a computer do?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit
Memory
Storage Devices
Input
Devices
Output
Devices

Input Devices
Any hardware component that allows you
to enter data, programs, commands, and
user responses into a computer
Input Device
Examples
 Keyboard
 Mouse
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Output Devices
Output devices make the information
resulting from processing available for use
Output Device Examples
 Printers
 Impact
 Nonimpact
 Photo
 Display Devices
 CRT
 LCD
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Storage Devices
Removable
 Floppy disk, or diskette
 Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW,
CD-ROM
 DVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R,
DVD-RW, DVD-RAM
 Zip disk
 Flash disk/USB drive
 Tape
Non-Removable
 Hard disk
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System Unit
 The motherboard, or system board, is the main circuit
board of the system unit
 The processor, also called the central processing unit
(CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate a computer
 The control unit interprets the instructions
 The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs the logical
and arithmetic processes
 Memory, also called random access memory, or RAM,
consists of electronic components that store data,
instructions, and information, as needed by the
processor

Communications Devices
A communications device is a hardware
component that enables a computer to
send (transmit) and receive data,
instructions, and information to and from
one or more computers
Communications occur over transmission
media, such as telephone lines, cables,
cellular radio networks, and satellites
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Types of Computers
Supercomputers
and Mainframes
Microcomputers
 Desktops
 Laptops (Notebooks)
 Handhelds

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
System software consists of programs to control
the operations of computer equipment
Instructions in the operating system tell the
computer how to perform the functions of loading,
storing, and executing an application program and
how to transfer data
When a computer is turned on, the operating
system is loaded into the computer’s memory from
auxiliary storage, a process called booting
Most computers use an operating system that has
a graphical user interface (GUI)

Operating System Tasks
Operations Management
 Load, store and execute
programs
 Transfer data
File Management
 Files
 Folder
System Maintenance
 Defragment/Check Disk
 Virus Check
System Monitoring

Application Software
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation Graphics
Database
Contact Management
Utility Software – anti-
virus, data backup, and
file compression

Computer Hardware &
Software
Hardware
Operating
System
Software
Applications

NETWORKS
A network is a collection of computers
and devices connected together so
users can share data and resources
A local area network (LAN) connects
computers in a limited geographic area
A wide area network (WAN) covers a
large geographical area
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Networks and the
Internet
The world’s largest
network is the
Internet
Most users connect
to the Internet in
one of two ways:
 Internet service
provider
 Online service
provider

The World Wide Web
One of the more popular segments of the Internet is
the World Wide Web, also called the Web.
A Web page is a document that contains text,
graphics, sound, and/or video and has built-in
connections, or hyperlinks to other Web documents
A Web site is a related collection of Web pages
You access and view Web pages using a software
program called a Web browser
A Web page has a unique address, called a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL)
A hyperlink is a virtual connection to another place on
the Web
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More Internet Terms
Cookies – a text file created by a Web server
and your Web browser, that sits on your hard
drive
Search engine – a Web site containing a
database of web pages and their content
Electronic commerce – conducting business
online, such as shopping or investing.
Portal -- a launching point for browsing online;
one of the most well-known is Yahoo!, where you
can search the Web, shop, chat, check e-mail,
build a Web site, and view news articles.
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Web Browsers
Internet Explorer – built into Windows
Netscape – the oldest browser; an all-
round communications package for the
Internet; free at http://www.netscape.com
Opera – free version available at
http://www.opera.com
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Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)
http://www.yahoo.com
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COMMON
APPLICATIONS
E-mail--Send messages to other connected users
Shop for goods and services
Meet and converse with people around the world
 Instant Messaging, such as ICQ, Windows (MSN)
Messenger, and AOL Instant Messenger
 Web browser plug-ins, such as Macromedia Flash and
Shockwave
Access sources of entertainment and leisure, such as online
games, magazines, and vacation planning guides
Access information such as news, maps, airline schedules,
and stock market data
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Electronic Commerce
When you conduct business activities
online, you are participating in electronic
commerce, also known as e-commerce
Business to consumer (B2C) involves
the sale of goods to the general public
Consumer to consumer (C2C) involves
one consumer selling directly to another
Business to business (B2B) provides
goods and services to other businesses
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THE END
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Self Check No. 1
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I. Give the acronym of the following:
1. USB
2. LAN
3. WAN
4. WWW
5. CRT
6. LCD
7. B2C
8. URL
9. CPU
10. RAM

Self Check No. 2
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IDENTIFICATION
1. An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),
manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce
information (output) from the processing, and store the results for
future use.
2. Any hardware component that allows you to enter data,
programs, commands, and user responses into a computer
3. Devices make the information resulting from processing available for
use.
4. Is a collection of computers and devices connected together so users
can share data and resources.

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5. Consist of electronic components that store data, instructions, and
information, as needed by the processor .
6. Consists of programs to control the operations of computer
equipment .
7. Involves the sale of goods to the general public.
8. A launching point for browsing online; one of the most well-known
is Yahoo!, where you can search the Web, shop, chat, check e-mail,
build a Web site, and view news articles.
9. Performs the logical and arithmetic processes.
10. Is the main circuit board of the system unit.

Answer Key (self check1)
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I. The acronym of the following:
1. USB - Universal Serial Bus
2. LAN - Local Area Network
3. WAN - Wide Area Network
4. WWW - World Wide Web
5. CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
6. LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
7. B2C - Business to Commerce
8. URL - Uniform Resource Locator
9. CPU - Central Processing Unit
10. RAM - Random Access Memory

Answer Key (self check 2)
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1. Computer (slide 2)
2. Input Devices (slide 4)
3. Output Devices (slide 5)
4. Network (slide 14)
5. Memory / RAM (slide 7)
6. System software (slide 10)
7. Business to Consumer (slide 21)
8. Portal (slide 17)
9. Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU) (slide 7)
10. Motherboard or System board (slide 7)

Basic computer concepts

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