Introduction to concepts of teaching and learning

INTRODUCTION TO
CONCEPTS OF
TEACHING
AND
LEARNING

ABSTRACT
It is an accepted fact that teachers are
usually not born but made. Good
teachers nurture their knowledge and
skills through constant and deliberate
efforts. One of the pre-requisite to be
good teacher is to understand the
teaching learning process in more
depth.
This facilitates better appreciation of the
teaching profession as well as the

INTRODUCTION
‘As teachers we tend to think that
teaching is all about teachers and our
role; in fact the most important aspects
of the educational process are the
students and what they learn.’ This
leads us to consider what we mean by
'learning'. As you read the educational
literature and, more specifically,
educational psychology, you find many
differences in theories and definitions.

CONCEPT OF LEARNING
Learning is about a change: the
change brought about by developing a
new skill, understanding a scientific
law, changing an attitude. The change
is not merely incidental or natural in
the way that our appearance changes
as we get older. Learning is a relatively
permanent change, usually brought
about intentionally.

MAIN LEARNING THEORIES
 The Behaviorists - (behaviorism: Stimulus –
Response)
 The Neo-Behaviorists (Neo-behaviorism:
Human Mind)
 The Gestaltists (Insight)
 The Cognitivists (Cognitive development:
Learning to think)
 The Humanists (Active nature of Learner)

ADULT EXPECTATIONS (LEARNING NEEDS):
Some of the common adult expectations
are
 Adults expect to be taught.
 Adult students expect to have to work hard.
 Adult student expectation is that the work is
related to the vocation.
 Adult student’s expectation is that they
expect to be treated as adults.

EXPERIENCE, REFLECTION, LEARNING MODEL
TO OPTIMIZE LEARNING
Experience
existing and/or provided
as part o f the learning
Programme..
Learning
usually s kills and
knowledge and
vary student to
Student.
Reflection
guided by the teacher ,
usually
serving to consolidate,
interpret,
develop concepts and
theories,
perceive attitudes and
values,
etc
Indicating need for
Source: Ian Reece and Stephen

This Experience, Reflection, Learning
Model, they suggested, embodied the
principles that:
(i) the process should be focused on the
student’s current experience,
(ii) it recognizes the adult nature of the
learner by according responsibility for
what is learned, and how, and
(iii) the learning can take place in a
variety of contexts.

CONCEPT OF TEACHING:
 Teaching is a set of events, outside the
learners which are designed to support
internal process of learning.
 Teaching (Instruction) is outside the
learner. Learning is internal to learners.
You cannot motivate others if you are
not self-motivated.
 Motives are not seen, but, Behaviors
are seen.

Is learning a motive or
behavior?
Learning is both a motive and
behavior but only behavior is seen,
learning is internal, performance is
external.

ROLE OF THE TEACHER:
Generally ,the role of teacher can be
categorized into:
Traditional Role - Teacher Centered
Modern Role - Facilitator (Student
Centered)

BASIC TEACHING MODEL:
Objectives are intended learning
outcomes written down before the
process of instruction.
 General Objectives - Statement of
instructional intent - student ability in
general terms.
 Specific objective statement of
instructional intent- student ability in
terms of specific & observable.

TRADITIONAL VERSUS MODERN ROLE
Traditionally the role of the teacher has
been as a purveyor of information: the
teacher was the fount of all knowledge.
This suggests a picture of students
sitting in rows in front of the teacher
who is talking and passing information
to students with the aid of a blackboard,
while the students either listen passively
or, if the teacher is lucky, take their own
notes.

The modern teacher is a facilitator: a
person who assists students to learn for
themselves. Instead of having students
sitting in rows, they are likely to be in groups,
all doing something different; some doing
practical tasks, some writing, some not even
in the room but in another part of the building
using specialist equipment or looking up
something in the library. All of the students
might well be at different stages in their
learning and in consequence, the learning is
individualized to suit individual requirements
and abilities.

Introduction to concepts of teaching and learning

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