Introduction-to-Cryptography-in-IoT.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Cryptography in IoT Cryptography is vital in the Internet of Things (IoT) to secure data transmission and ensure device authenticity. This presentation will explore the fundamental concepts and practical applications of cryptography within IoT ecosystems. by Savio Bro
- 2. Importance of Secure IoT Devices Securing IoT devices is crucial to protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and maintain system integrity. Security vulnerabilities in IoT devices can lead to data breaches, system disruptions, and even physical harm. Data Privacy IoT devices often collect personal information, such as location data, health information, and financial details. Secure cryptography ensures that this data is protected from unauthorized access and use. System Integrity Security vulnerabilities in IoT devices can be exploited by malicious actors to gain control of the device and disrupt its normal operation, potentially causing harm to individuals or businesses. Network Security As IoT devices communicate with each other and with cloud services, it's essential to protect these communications from eavesdropping and data tampering. Secure cryptography protocols ensure secure data transmission.
- 3. Symmetric-Key Cryptography in IoT Symmetric-key cryptography uses a single secret key for both encryption and decryption. This approach is efficient for encrypting large volumes of data, but it requires a secure mechanism for key distribution and management. 1 AES Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely used symmetric- key algorithm in IoT devices, offering robust encryption for data protection. 2 DES Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an older algorithm, but it can be used in specific scenarios where resources are limited. 3 3DES Triple DES (3DES) is a more secure variant of DES that uses three keys for enhanced security.
- 4. Asymmetric-Key Cryptography in IoT Asymmetric-key cryptography uses separate keys for encryption and decryption, providing a more secure approach for key management. One key is public, allowing anyone to encrypt data, while the other key is private and only accessible to the intended recipient. Key Exchange Public-key cryptography is used to securely exchange keys between devices, ensuring that the shared key is only known to authorized parties. Digital Signatures Digital signatures are created using private keys, verifying the authenticity and integrity of messages and ensuring that data hasn't been tampered with. Authentication Asymmetric-key cryptography is used to authenticate devices and users, ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive data and resources.
- 5. Elliptic Curve Cryptography in IoT Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an asymmetric-key approach that offers a more compact and efficient solution compared to traditional RSA cryptography, making it ideal for resource-constrained IoT devices. Key Generation ECC uses points on an elliptic curve to generate keys, which are represented as coordinates. Encryption ECC encryption involves transforming plaintext into ciphertext using the public key. Decryption ECC decryption uses the private key to recover the original plaintext from the ciphertext.
- 6. Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms for IoT IoT devices often have limited processing power, memory, and energy resources, making it challenging to implement full-fledged cryptographic algorithms. Lightweight cryptographic algorithms are designed to be resource-efficient while maintaining reasonable levels of security. Algorithm Description PRESENT A lightweight block cipher known for its efficiency and simplicity. TEA Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is another lightweight block cipher suitable for resource-constrained devices. Salsa20 A fast and secure stream cipher that requires minimal memory and processing resources.
- 7. Key Management in IoT Environments Managing keys in IoT environments is a crucial challenge, as secure key distribution and storage are essential for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data. 1 Key Generation Keys are generated using secure random number generators to ensure their unpredictability and resistance to attacks. 2 Key Distribution Keys are securely distributed to authorized devices and users using secure communication protocols. 3 Key Storage Keys are stored securely on devices and servers using tamper-resistant hardware and secure software mechanisms. 4 Key Revocation Compromised keys are revoked and new keys are generated and distributed to prevent unauthorized access.
- 8. Secure Communication Protocols for IoT Secure communication protocols are essential for protecting data exchanged between IoT devices and cloud services. These protocols incorporate encryption, authentication, and authorization mechanisms to ensure secure and reliable communication. TLS/SSL Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols provide encryption and authentication for secure data transmission over the internet. MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight messaging protocol that uses TLS for secure communication. CoAP Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a lightweight protocol designed for communication between resource- constrained devices. DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) provides secure communication over UDP, a widely used protocol in IoT networks.
- 9. Cryptographic Hardware Acceleration in IoT Hardware acceleration is a technique used to improve the performance of cryptographic operations by offloading them to specialized hardware components. This can significantly enhance security and performance in resource-constrained IoT devices. Cryptographic Coprocessors Cryptographic coprocessors are specialized hardware units that handle cryptographic operations efficiently, freeing up the main processor for other tasks. Hardware-based Encryption Engines Hardware-based encryption engines provide dedicated hardware for encryption and decryption, offering high performance and security.
- 10. Challenges and Future Trends in IoT Cryptography IoT cryptography faces various challenges, including resource constraints, scalability, and evolving threats. Future trends focus on developing more efficient and secure cryptographic solutions for this growing and complex ecosystem. 1 Post-Quantum Cryptography Post-quantum cryptography explores new algorithms that are resistant to attacks from future quantum computers. 2 Homomorphic Encryption Homomorphic encryption enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without decrypting it, enhancing privacy and security. 3 Zero-Trust Security Zero-trust security models assume that no device or user can be trusted by default, requiring strong authentication and authorization mechanisms. 4 AI-powered Security Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to enhance IoT security by detecting anomalies, preventing attacks, and adapting to evolving threats.