Introduction to ipr [compatibility mode]
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This document defines and compares intellectual property and physical property. Intellectual property refers to creations of the human mind like inventions, literary works, artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images. It is intangible property that arises from human intellectual effort. While physical property is tangible, intellectual property is intangible but both share characteristics like exclusive ownership and economic value. The document also categorizes intellectual property as industrial property, which includes patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and trade secrets, or copyright, which includes literary and artistic works.
Introduction to ipr [compatibility mode]
- 1. Session 1 1 © 2009
- 2. Session What is Intellectual Property? 1 2 © 2009
- 3. Session Definition 1 Intellectual property (IP) is the name given to property arising out of human intellectual effort. 3 © 2009
- 4. Session The output of human 1 intellectual effort often manifests itself as new or original knowledge or creative expression which adds a desirable quality to a marketable product or service. 4 © 2009
- 5. Session 1 Various elements provide intellectual output with attributes that, in one way or another, enhance the quality of life. 5 © 2009
- 6. Session These elements may be called 1 ► human endeavour, ► ingenuity, ► creativity, ► inventiveness, ► flash of inspiration, ► sudden insight, or ► new insight into observed facts. 6 © 2009
- 7. Session ► These Elements may involve in 1 ■ solving a technical problem in making something with more desirable functional qualities, or ■ result in creating something aesthetically pleasing, to satisfy a human need or want, be it sensory, social, cultural, mental, spiritual or religious. 7 © 2009
- 8. Session Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: 1 ► Inventions, ► literary, ► Artistic works, ► Designs used in commerce, ► Symbols, ► Names, ► Images. 8 © 2009
- 9. Session Characteristics of IP 1 ► A key characteristic of any property is that the owner of property has the exclusive authority to determine how that property is used. 9 © 2009
- 10. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) 10 © 2009
- 11. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) In both the case the owner has exclusive right to determine how it is used. 11 © 2009
- 12. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Can only be used by Can be used by one or a limited various people at the number of people at a same time (including given time. the owner or creator). 12 © 2009
- 13. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Has economic value Has economic value as long as it exists or only for the duration as long as there is specified in the laws demand for it. and as long as there is demand for it. 13 © 2009
- 14. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Possibility of theft and Greater possibility of disputes concerning theft and disputes ownership is rather concerning ownership. limited. 14 © 2009
- 15. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Theft occurs only if Theft occurs if the the possession of the property is copied, property changes imitated, adapted, hands. translated, used, displayed, etc. without permission of the owner or creator. 15 © 2009
- 16. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) In both the cases Expenditure or income from the property may be subject to taxation. 16 © 2009
- 17. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be valued and reflected on account books and balance sheets. 17 © 2009
- 18. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be securitized and used as collateral for borrowing money 18 © 2009
- 19. Session Physical Property Intellectual Property 1 (Tangible or Material) (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be insured. 19 © 2009
- 20. Session Intellectual Property 1 Industrial Property Copyright Patents Literary Works Trade Mark Artistic Works Industrial Designs Trade Secrets Geographic Indications 20 © 2009
- 21. Session Patents 1 A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new and non-obvious way of doing something, or offers a new and non-obvious technical solution to a problem. 21 © 2009
- 22. Session Trade Mark 1 A trademark is a sign or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing a product or service from other products or services on the market. 22 © 2009
- 23. Session Industrial Designs 1 An industrial design (or simply a design) is the appearance of the whole or part of a product resulting from features of, in particular, the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation. 23 © 2009
- 24. Session Trade Secrets 1 Trade secrets or confidential business information are any information that can be used in the operation of a business and that is sufficiently valuable and secret to afford economic advantage over others. 24 © 2009
- 25. Session Geographic Indications 1 A geographical indication is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or reputation that are due to their place of origin. 25 © 2009
- 26. Session Copyright Copyright describes a bundle of 1 rights given to creators in relation to their literary and artistic works. It protects items such as paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, architecture, instruction manuals, software, databases, technical documentation, advertisements, maps, literary works, music, films or songs. 26 © 2009
- 27. Session One Product, Many IP Rights 1 A single product may be protected by a variety of different IP rights e.g. CD Player. 27 © 2009
- 28. Session CD Player 1 ► The innovative technical features of the product are protected by a series of PATENTS. ► The embedded computer programme controlling the operations are protected by COPYRIGHTS. ► The aesthetic design of CD Player can be protected by INDUSTRIAL DESIGN. 28 © 2009
- 29. Session CD Player 1 ► The Brand used to market it can be protected as a TRADEMARK. ► In addition, the manufacturers probably hold a numbers of TRADE SECRETS ranging from their customer list to some of manufacturing processes or to other confidential information that they would not want to disclose to the competitors. 29 © 2009
- 30. Session CD Player 1 ► In addition, the inventors of CD chose to grant the authorization (or LICENCE) to a number of companies to use the CD technology in exchange of Payment, thus acquiring additional income from the LICENCE. ► The inventors of innovative products can obtain exclusivity to use, or prohibit others from using, each one of this elements through IP Protection. 30 © 2009