Programming involves the study of computer languages to build applications. Visual Basic is a tool created by Microsoft for building graphical user interface (GUI) applications easily. Flowcharts and algorithms are used to represent step-by-step instructions to solve problems. Programming concepts include operators, variables, loops, input, processes, conditions, and output. For example, a program may input variables, perform a calculation, check if the result is less than 100, and output or repeat the process accordingly.