introduction to Programming Lecture 1
- 1. Introduction to programming Mr. Imran Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, Jahan University Kabul, Afghanistan.
- 2. Text Books to Follow • Dietal & Dietal, C/C++: How to Program 7th Edition. • Programming with C++ by CM Aslam & TA Qureshi (Aikmen Series). • Object oriented programming using C++ by IT Series.
- 3. Lecture Outline • Programming languages • Components of programming languages • Categories of Programming Languages • Programming techniques
- 4. Programming Languages • A programming language is used to write computer programs. • It is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine. • Some of them are directly understandable by computer and some of them are needed to be converted first.
- 5. Programming Languages • Computer languages are divided into three broad types: • Machine Language • Assembly Language • High-Level Language
- 6. Programming Languages • Machine Languages • A computer understands machine language. • Machine language is also called binary language. • It is consist of two digits that instructs computers to perform their operations. • They are machine-dependent. • No translation is required – directly understandable by computer. • They are hard to learn and understand.
- 8. Programming Languages • Assembly Language • A language in which instead of binary codes we use English like abbreviations (mnemonics) to represent the operations for the computer. • A language that uses symbolic names to represent operations, registers and memory locations. • It uses a translator called Assembler.
- 10. Programming Languages • High-Level Language • A language in which the instructions are written in the form of everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations. • Compiler and Interpreter are used to covert the high-level code to machine code.
- 12. Programming Languages Hierarchy of Languages Language Representations
- 13. Components of Programming Languages • Syntax • It is about the structure of the grammar of the language. • In programming language, the rules and regulations for writing code are called the syntax. • A syntax can be used to construct a valid sentence/statement.
- 14. Components of Programming Languages • Semantic • It describes the meaning of the sentence. • It describes that whether the sentence is correct or not. If so, what does the sentence mean?
- 15. Categories of Programming Languages • Major programming languages falls in the category of: • Structured Programming Languages • Modular Programming Languages • Object-Oriented Programming Languages
- 16. Categories of Programming Languages • Structured Programming Languages • Languages in which the program is divided into smaller components – functions. • The structured programming contains three major concepts that are: • Top-down Design / Divide and Conquer • Code Reusability • Information Hiding
- 17. Categories of Programming Languages • Modular Programming Languages • Languages in which the program is broken into individual components called modules that can be programmed and tested independently.
- 18. Categories of Programming Languages • Object-Oriented Programming Languages • Languages in which object technology is supported. • It allows the pieces of software to be reused and interchanged between programs. • The major concepts used in OOP are: • Data Abstraction – Describes user defined datatypes. • Encapsulation – Information Hiding • Inheritance – Describes the reusability of a class. • Polymorphism – Describes the ability to produce different results based on the object that is sent to.
- 19. Summery • Programming languages • Components of programming languages • Categories of programming languages
- 20. Thank You For your Patience