Introduction to Public Administration
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The document discusses different views of public administration as both a field of practice and study. As a field of practice, public administration involves carrying out governmental functions like enacting laws and policies. As a field of study, it uses empirical research and social science methods to advance knowledge. Public administration is considered an applied discipline that prepares individuals for careers in public service. It is viewed as both an art that involves creativity and leadership, and a science with theories to explain phenomena in the field. Several definitions of public administration are provided that emphasize its role in implementing policies and delivering services to the public.
Introduction to Public Administration
- 1. Introduction to Public Administration Prof. Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA
- 2. Part I: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance of Public Administration
- 3. Views of Public Administration
- 4. Views of Public Administration As a Field of Practice According to Waldo (1955), PA has dual usages: as a field of practice and a field of study. The meaning invoked is the activity or process of administering public affairs and carrying out governmental functions. Example of PA practices Enacting a law Making decision on the best policy concerning an issue Formulating the MTPDP Maintaining peace and order Processing of claims Building roads and bridges Issuance of license Setting standard and Processes
- 5. Views of Public Administration As a Field of Study or Discipline PA is concerned with discovering and advancing theoretical and practical knowledge in the field using scientific methods and other social sciences use Example of PA as a field of study Empirical studies Case method analysis Surveys Quantitative analysis PA differs from political science in its emphasis on bureaucratic structure and behavior and its methodologies (Rossenbloom, 1989)
- 6. What is the PA subject matter or focus to be studied? Example of PA as a field of study how a policy is made and implemented The interrelationship between government institutions Human Resource development Impact of environmental regulation on communities and economic activities the behavior and attitude of public officials as the perform their official duties Leadership styles of public managers Mechanisms adopted by poverty-focused programs The relations of government and the citizens
- 7. What is also considered an applied discipline? It has practical use for government, particularly in improving government performance it prepares persons for careers in public service and trains them to be good public administrators
- 8. Views of Public Administration As: Both an Art and a Science As an Art: PA involves creativity, leadership, a good sense of the intangibles in administration. This view is closely to the practice of PA
- 9. Views of Public Administration As: Both an Art and a Science As a Science: There is a body of knowledge or theories that can explain or predict phenomenon or variables in the field of PA The PA theories and concepts are built based on empirical research using systematic methods These theories can be used not only to explain but also improve the art and practice of PA (Bautista, 1990)
- 10. Wlado Definition of Public Administration Waldo, 1955 PA is the organization and management of men and materials to achieve the purposes of government PA is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of the state
- 11. Definition of Public Administration Caiden, 1971 is a cooperative group effort in a public setting covers all three branches – executive, legislative and judicial and interrelationships has important role in the formulation of public policy and is , thus, part of the political process as a field of study and practice , it has been influenced by human relations approach is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in providing services to the community
- 12. Definition of Public Administration Fry, 1989 PA is policy-making. It is not autonomous, exclusive or isolated policy making. PA is one of a number of basic political processes by which this people achieves and controls governance
- 13. Rossenbloom, 1989 Definition of Public Administration PA is the action part of government. The means by which the purposes and goals of government are realized. PA as a field is mainly concerned with the means for implementing political values PA differs from political science in its emphasis on bureaucratic structure and behavior and its methodologies PA differs from administrative science in the evaluative techniques used by non profit organizations because profit-seeking organizations are considerably less constrained in considering public interest in their decision-making structures and the behavior of their administrators
- 14. Definition of Public Administration De Guzman, 1993 From a very broad perspective, PA may be viewed to refer not only in activities carrying out or implementing policies and programs of the government but also to the processes and contents of these policies and programs From a broader perspective, PA may refer to the cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering servi9ces to the people
- 15. Rossenbloom, 1989 Definition of Public Administration The process of PA consists of the actions involved in effecting the intent or desire of a government . It is thus the continuously active, “business” part of government, concerned with carrying out the law, as made by the legislative bodies (or other authoritative agents)and interpreted by courts, through the processes of organization and management
- 16. Public and Private Administration Criteria Public Administration Private Administration 1.Relations to environment subject to public scrutiny; public demand and expectations; political pressures Less exposed to public inspection; internal processes are kept from public; response to public guided by market dynamics 2. Accountability Accountable to the public; transparency in transactions is expected management accountable to owners of firms/corporations 3. Measure of performance general public satisfaction is the gauge in the improvement in the quality of life profit is bottomline 4. Nature of goods and services open to all availment based on ones ability to pay
- 17. Reference: Bautista, Victoria. (Cited in Supplementary Readings.) Caiden, Gerald. (Cited in the Supplementary Readings.) Fry, Brian. “Five Great Issues in the Profession of public Administration” in Jack Rabin, W. Bartley Hildreth, Gerald J. Miller (eds). Handbook of Public Administration, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989. Ocampo, Romeo. “Toward a Review of Research and knowledge in Philippines Public Administration” in Victoria A. Bautista, Ma. Concepcion P. Alfiler, Danilo R. Reyes, Proserpina D. Tapales (eds.) Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines; A Reader, Quezon City: College of Public Administration, University of the Philippines, 1993. Rosen bloom, David H. and Deborah D. Goldman. “The Practice and Discipline of Public Administration: Competing Concerns” in David Rosen bloom (ed) Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics and law in the Public Sector, New York: Random House, 1989. Module Introduction to PA, Open University, UP, NCPAG, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines