Introduction to Puppet Scripting
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Puppet is an IT automation tool that allows system administrators to define a desired configuration for servers and automatically enforce that configuration, ensuring consistency across infrastructure; it works by analyzing configuration scripts, comparing the actual server state to the desired state, and executing scripts to make any necessary changes; key components of Puppet include modules, node configuration files, templates, and resource types for common system configuration tasks.
![What are the pieces?
• Puppet Software
• Module Library
• Node configuration file
• [optional] Puppet Master](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introtopuppetscripting-130131130322-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Puppet-Scripting-7-320.jpg)
![Relationships
• Package[“ntp”] -> File[„ntp.conf‟] ~> Service[„ntpd‟]
• “before”, “require”
• “subscribe”, “notify”
http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/2.7/reference/lang_relati
onships.html#relationship-metaparameters
http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/2.7/reference/lang_relati
onships.html#chaining-arrows](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introtopuppetscripting-130131130322-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Puppet-Scripting-16-320.jpg)
![User-Defined Types
• Similar to functions in most languages.
• Only way to do iterations currently.
• Call the Type with an array.
define apache::vhost() {
$docroot = “/var/www/${name}”
}
$sites = [‘site1’, ‘site2’]
apache::vhost {$sites: }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introtopuppetscripting-130131130322-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Puppet-Scripting-17-320.jpg)
Introduction to Puppet Scripting
- 1. Introduction to Puppet Scripting Shawn S. Smiley Lead Architect Achieve Internet shawn.smiley@achieveinternet.com
- 2. What is puppet? “Puppet is IT automation software that helps system administrators manage infrastructure throughout its lifecycle, from provisioning and configuration to patch management and compliance.” Source: www.puppetlabs.com/puppet/what-is-puppet
- 3. What does that mean? • You can setup a new server in minutes vs. hours! • You can be sure your server configurations are consistent. • You can easily deploy configuration changes to multiple servers. Image Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenkrogue/2012/09/07/the-most-important-interview-question-never-asked/
- 4. Quick Demo Image source: http://gyaniji.blogspot.com/2011/12/demo-of-ad-posting-job.html
- 5. What happened? • Puppet analyzed the scripts to build a picture of what the server should look like. • Puppet then compared that to what the server actually looks like. • It then generates and executes scripts to make the server configuration match that in the puppet scripts.
- 6. How vs. What • Why is it better to describe what a system looks like rather than how to configure a system? • When you describe what a system looks like, you can repeatedly rerun the process without fear of breaking the system. • Can build platform independent scripts.
- 7. What are the pieces? • Puppet Software • Module Library • Node configuration file • [optional] Puppet Master
- 8. Modules What are they? • Self-contained packages that describe an aspect of a system (e.g. “Apache” or “MySQL”) Are there existing packages I can leverage? • http://forge.puppetlabs.com • http://github.com Where do I put them? • /usr/share/puppet/modules • /etc/puppet/modules
- 9. File Organization • manifests • site.pp • nodes.pp • modules • module1 • manifests init.pp • files • templates • module2
- 10. Demo: Folder Structure Image source: http://gyaniji.blogspot.com/2011/12/demo-of-ad-posting-job.html
- 11. Basic Syntax • Follows basic Ruby language syntax. • Does not fully implement the Ruby language though, only a subset is allowed in your puppet files. To define an item: To execute an item: type title($arg1) { include “title” description of resource state } type {“title”: } type {“title”: arg1 => ‘hello’ }
- 12. Demo: Simple script Image source: http://gyaniji.blogspot.com/2011/12/demo-of-ad-posting-job.html
- 13. Resource Types • Are puppet libraries that are used to interact with the system. • Puppet comes with a wide range of resource types: • exec • package • file • service • notify Full list: http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/latest/type.html
- 14. Facter What are facts? • Global variables with information about the system that the script is running on. How do I see the available variables? • facter -p How do I use them? • $::variable_name
- 15. Templates • Templates are files that use a simple markup language to insert dynamic values. • Templates have an .erb extension • Typically used with the File resource. e.g.: file {'ntp.conf': path => '/etc/ntp.conf', ensure => file, content => template('ntp/ntp.conf.erb'), owner => root, mode => 0644, }
- 16. Relationships • Package[“ntp”] -> File[„ntp.conf‟] ~> Service[„ntpd‟] • “before”, “require” • “subscribe”, “notify” http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/2.7/reference/lang_relati onships.html#relationship-metaparameters http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/2.7/reference/lang_relati onships.html#chaining-arrows
- 17. User-Defined Types • Similar to functions in most languages. • Only way to do iterations currently. • Call the Type with an array. define apache::vhost() { $docroot = “/var/www/${name}” } $sites = [‘site1’, ‘site2’] apache::vhost {$sites: }
- 18. References Books • Managing Infrastructure with Puppet (ISBN: 978-1-4493-0763-9) • Pro Puppet (ISBN: 978-1-4302-3057-1) Websites • http://www.puppetlabs.com • http://docs.puppetlabs.com/ • http://forge.puppetlabs.com/
- 19. Q&A
Editor's Notes
- #5: Startup an AWS instance and run puppet apply to show what puppet does.
- #9: Default modulepath: /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
- #11: Show the File Structure and examples of some modules.
- #12: Defining an item is called a “Resource Declaration”
- #13: Demo a simple module: The Lynx module.