*
*
IRON ORE
Fines
Lumps
Pellets
SCRAP
Recycled Steel
STEEL INDUSTRY
FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTS
Sheet
Bar
Rod
Profile
Manufactured Goods – Metal – Mechanic Industry
*
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pig iron/Blast furnace iron Direct reduced iron (DRI)
*
Pig iron/Blast furnace
iron Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
European Union (27) 7.745 7.335 8.190 7.951 8.271 7.850 7.857 7.474 7.359 7.322 7.108 6.790
Other Europe 853 750 869 711 782 730 815 841 781 841 837 864
CIS 7.048 6.400 7.095 6.936 7.152 6.797 6.629 6.707 6.773 6.857 6.748 6.673
North America 3.828 3.703 4.162 3.979 3.913 3.349 3.618 3.900 3.462 3.278 3.514 3.820
South America 2.540 2.485 2.790 2.687 2.543 2.476 2.549 2.448 2.463 2.677 2.409 2.534
South Africa 389 363 436 466 441 422 376 414 351 440 315 440
Asia 68.544 67.388 72.393 71.572 72.390 70.529 71.658 69.294 67.505 68.830 65.683 65.646
Oceania 386 350 338 378 372 373 374 378 378 372 324 358
Total 38 countries 91.548 89.008 96.491 94.904 96.078 92.703 94.035 91.603 89.224 90.758 87.071 87.251
Direct reduced iron
(DRI) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Canada 76 67 70 65 19 64 83 81 85 76 69 86
Mexico 353 309 496 490 501 527 458 488 497 471 460 480
Trinidad and Tobago 128 148 183 138 195 164 166 131 89 153 99 105
Argentina 177 163 166 140 119 121 69 1 153 167 185 145
Peru 9 8 7 9 9 9 8 9 6 7 7 7
Venezuela 398 374 431 439 364 393 391 337 318 364 383 402
Egypt 248 238 268 264 252 258 257 260 259 253 244 266
South Africa 129 127 114 117 123 127 99 140 147 150 145 150
Iran 925 833 872 965 971 1.007 912 982 993 945 995 1.182
Saudi Arabia 430 429 478 291 474 465 457 424 368 458 443 260
India 1.733 1.638 1.678 1.679 1.678 1.653 1.652 1.729 1.659 1.580 1.530 1.590
Total 11 countries 4.606 4.334 4.763 4.596 4.706 4.788 4.553 4.583 4.575 4.623 4.560 4.673
*
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
European Union
(27) 14.158 14.173 15.729 14.951 15.415 14.716 14.228 12.028 14.301 14.161 13.595 11.975
CIS (6) 9.503 8.918 9.865 9.570 9.615 9.243 9.172 9.250 9.280 8.933 8.904 8.925
North America 10.451 10.191 10.850 10.684 10.772 9.780 10.014 10.348 9.592 9.582 9.511 10.087
South America 3.731 3.780 4.303 4.074 3.945 3.829 3.937 3.836 3.835 4.185 3.873 3.603
Africa/Middle East 2.929 2.934 2.984 3.045 2.994 2.897 2.570 2.803 2.795 2.830 2.810 2.857
Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406
Oceania 490 454 463 485 477 485 494 519 511 504 473 450
Total 62 countries 123.768 121.037 132.637 129.599 131.387 127.431 128.650 123.707 123.648 125.075121.990 121.293
China 56.733 55.883 61.581 60.575 61.234 60.213 61.693 58.703 57.946 59.096 57.471 57.656
India 6.357 6.039 6.253 6.360 6.593 6.375 6.359 6.476 6.299 6.604 6.400 6.600
Japan 8.630 8.612 9.324 9.077 9.224 9.198 9.251 9.207 8.802 8.836 8.505 8.569
South Korea 5.774 5.439 6.095 5.915 6.032 5.764 5.907 5.632 5.661 5.651 5.640 5.811
Taiwan, China 1.679 1.714 1.855 1.783 1.804 1.781 1.761 1.730 1.440 1.675 1.664 1.770
Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406
*
1511104
708784
107233
88637
71534
70032
69387
42648
35866
34678
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000
Total World
Japan
Russia
South Korea
Turkey
2012
China:
47%
Japan: 7%
United
States:
6%
India: 5%
Russia: 5%
South
Korea: 5%
Rest of
the
world:
26%
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
China Japan United States India Russia South Korea
*
Coke Integrated Plant
(Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST)
Direct Reduction Integrated
Plant
(Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST)
Energy Source: Coal Energy Source: Natural Gas
Capital High Intensive Capital Low Intensitas
High Dependence of Scale Low Dependence of Scale
Stream:
Coke Oven + B. Furnace + Oxygen Conventer
Stream:
Direct Reduction + Electric Furnace
 Charcoal Integrated Plant (Vallourec
Mannesmann).
 Charcoal Non Integrated Plant (Pig Iron
Producers).
 Semi integrated Plant – Mini Mill
(Arcellor-Mittal)
*
C(s) + O 2(g)  CO2(g)
CaCO3(s)  CO2 (g) + CaO(s)
CO2(g) + C(s)  2CO(g)
3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s)  2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
CaO(s) + SiO(s)  CaSiO3(l)
*
*
*
*
Fe Total 90-94%
Fe Metallic 83-90%
Metallization 92-96%
C 1.0-2.5%
P2O5† 0.005 – 0.09%
S† 0.001-0.03%
Gangue† 2.8-6%
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Source: Midrex Tech
*

More Related Content

PPTX
Introduction to steel making processes
PPT
Secondary steel making processes
PPTX
Ladle Metallurgy: Basics, Objectives and Processes
PPTX
Continuous casting of steel
PDF
Copper Mould
PPTX
PPTX
Inclusion control for clean steel
PPTX
Secondary steel making
Introduction to steel making processes
Secondary steel making processes
Ladle Metallurgy: Basics, Objectives and Processes
Continuous casting of steel
Copper Mould
Inclusion control for clean steel
Secondary steel making

What's hot (20)

DOC
Steel Making Continuous casting I
PPTX
Alloy steels
PPTX
Types of steels in use
PPTX
Steel making process assignment
PDF
Electric Arc furnace
PPTX
Refractory in steel ladle application
PPT
Steel making
PPT
Cast Iron
PPTX
Continuous casting-tundish technology
PPTX
Heat treatment of stainless steel
PPT
Microstructures
PDF
Billet defects - transverse cracking formation prevention and evolution
PPTX
Study of Plain Carbon Steel
PPT
Chapter 11 heat treatment
PDF
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE AC (PART 1) - Layout & Components (steel - steelmaking -...
PDF
Internship report file on Rail Wheel Plant
PPTX
Characteristics of Thermo Mechanically Treated Steels
PPT
Iron carbon diagram presentation
PPTX
Production of Direct Reduced Iron in Rotary Hearth Furnace
PPT
Iron making
Steel Making Continuous casting I
Alloy steels
Types of steels in use
Steel making process assignment
Electric Arc furnace
Refractory in steel ladle application
Steel making
Cast Iron
Continuous casting-tundish technology
Heat treatment of stainless steel
Microstructures
Billet defects - transverse cracking formation prevention and evolution
Study of Plain Carbon Steel
Chapter 11 heat treatment
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE AC (PART 1) - Layout & Components (steel - steelmaking -...
Internship report file on Rail Wheel Plant
Characteristics of Thermo Mechanically Treated Steels
Iron carbon diagram presentation
Production of Direct Reduced Iron in Rotary Hearth Furnace
Iron making
Ad

Viewers also liked (17)

PPTX
Iron & Steel sector
PDF
My thesis presentation
PPTX
Steel Melting Shop (SMS)
DOC
Steel Making: Lecture Secondary Steel Making
DOCX
Steel Making: Lecture 1 Introduction to the subject and review of Iron Making
PDF
Steel melting shop (sms) - 2
PPTX
Continious casting of steel
PPTX
Design Project - Electric Furnace for Steel Making
PDF
Continuous Casting: Get more from your Caster
PPTX
Continuous casting.PPT
PPTX
Continuous Casting Steel
PDF
LADLE FURNACE AND SECONDARY METALLURGY TRAINING PREPARED BY CVS MAKINA
PPTX
Bhilai Steel Plant Training Presentation
PPTX
Steel making process
PPTX
Ppt on bokaro steel plant
PPTX
A presentation of summer internship in rourkela steel plant
Iron & Steel sector
My thesis presentation
Steel Melting Shop (SMS)
Steel Making: Lecture Secondary Steel Making
Steel Making: Lecture 1 Introduction to the subject and review of Iron Making
Steel melting shop (sms) - 2
Continious casting of steel
Design Project - Electric Furnace for Steel Making
Continuous Casting: Get more from your Caster
Continuous casting.PPT
Continuous Casting Steel
LADLE FURNACE AND SECONDARY METALLURGY TRAINING PREPARED BY CVS MAKINA
Bhilai Steel Plant Training Presentation
Steel making process
Ppt on bokaro steel plant
A presentation of summer internship in rourkela steel plant
Ad

Similar to Introduction to steelmaking (20)

PDF
Steel statistical-yearbook-2014
PDF
2013 statistics tables (1)
PDF
Agraciados
DOCX
Tabel nilai uang (FVIF,FVIFA, PVIF, PVIFA)
PDF
Cedula de tuberias
PDF
Databook dec2014 59
PDF
Số liệu khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam năm 2008
PDF
Socios agraciados para el Córdoba-Albacete de Copa
PDF
PV, FV, & Annuity tables
PDF
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979 historico
XLSX
Lanareiknir verdtryggd overdtryggd samanburdur og raungreidslur 20101208
PDF
Appendix a present value tables 2
PDF
PDF
The sipri top 100 2014
PDF
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979
PDF
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979
ODS
List Of Top 25 stocks in Indian Market
PDF
Bare acsr
PDF
The Future of Data Visualization on the Web (YGLF)
PDF
The Future of Data Visualization on the Web. FrontEnd Con 2019.
Steel statistical-yearbook-2014
2013 statistics tables (1)
Agraciados
Tabel nilai uang (FVIF,FVIFA, PVIF, PVIFA)
Cedula de tuberias
Databook dec2014 59
Số liệu khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam năm 2008
Socios agraciados para el Córdoba-Albacete de Copa
PV, FV, & Annuity tables
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979 historico
Lanareiknir verdtryggd overdtryggd samanburdur og raungreidslur 20101208
Appendix a present value tables 2
The sipri top 100 2014
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979
Tabla salarial docentes decreto 2277 de 1979
List Of Top 25 stocks in Indian Market
Bare acsr
The Future of Data Visualization on the Web (YGLF)
The Future of Data Visualization on the Web. FrontEnd Con 2019.

Recently uploaded (20)

PPTX
The various Industrial Revolutions .pptx
PDF
Getting started with AI Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
PDF
STKI Israel Market Study 2025 version august
PDF
A proposed approach for plagiarism detection in Myanmar Unicode text
PDF
Developing a website for English-speaking practice to English as a foreign la...
PPTX
GROUP4NURSINGINFORMATICSREPORT-2 PRESENTATION
PDF
Improvisation in detection of pomegranate leaf disease using transfer learni...
PPTX
Chapter 5: Probability Theory and Statistics
PDF
A review of recent deep learning applications in wood surface defect identifi...
PPTX
TEXTILE technology diploma scope and career opportunities
PDF
Convolutional neural network based encoder-decoder for efficient real-time ob...
PDF
Zenith AI: Advanced Artificial Intelligence
PPTX
AI IN MARKETING- PRESENTED BY ANWAR KABIR 1st June 2025.pptx
PDF
How IoT Sensor Integration in 2025 is Transforming Industries Worldwide
PPT
Geologic Time for studying geology for geologist
PDF
sustainability-14-14877-v2.pddhzftheheeeee
PDF
1 - Historical Antecedents, Social Consideration.pdf
PDF
Produktkatalog für HOBO Datenlogger, Wetterstationen, Sensoren, Software und ...
PPTX
Custom Battery Pack Design Considerations for Performance and Safety
PDF
Hybrid horned lizard optimization algorithm-aquila optimizer for DC motor
The various Industrial Revolutions .pptx
Getting started with AI Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
STKI Israel Market Study 2025 version august
A proposed approach for plagiarism detection in Myanmar Unicode text
Developing a website for English-speaking practice to English as a foreign la...
GROUP4NURSINGINFORMATICSREPORT-2 PRESENTATION
Improvisation in detection of pomegranate leaf disease using transfer learni...
Chapter 5: Probability Theory and Statistics
A review of recent deep learning applications in wood surface defect identifi...
TEXTILE technology diploma scope and career opportunities
Convolutional neural network based encoder-decoder for efficient real-time ob...
Zenith AI: Advanced Artificial Intelligence
AI IN MARKETING- PRESENTED BY ANWAR KABIR 1st June 2025.pptx
How IoT Sensor Integration in 2025 is Transforming Industries Worldwide
Geologic Time for studying geology for geologist
sustainability-14-14877-v2.pddhzftheheeeee
1 - Historical Antecedents, Social Consideration.pdf
Produktkatalog für HOBO Datenlogger, Wetterstationen, Sensoren, Software und ...
Custom Battery Pack Design Considerations for Performance and Safety
Hybrid horned lizard optimization algorithm-aquila optimizer for DC motor

Introduction to steelmaking

  • 1. *
  • 2. * IRON ORE Fines Lumps Pellets SCRAP Recycled Steel STEEL INDUSTRY FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTS Sheet Bar Rod Profile Manufactured Goods – Metal – Mechanic Industry
  • 4. * Pig iron/Blast furnace iron Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec European Union (27) 7.745 7.335 8.190 7.951 8.271 7.850 7.857 7.474 7.359 7.322 7.108 6.790 Other Europe 853 750 869 711 782 730 815 841 781 841 837 864 CIS 7.048 6.400 7.095 6.936 7.152 6.797 6.629 6.707 6.773 6.857 6.748 6.673 North America 3.828 3.703 4.162 3.979 3.913 3.349 3.618 3.900 3.462 3.278 3.514 3.820 South America 2.540 2.485 2.790 2.687 2.543 2.476 2.549 2.448 2.463 2.677 2.409 2.534 South Africa 389 363 436 466 441 422 376 414 351 440 315 440 Asia 68.544 67.388 72.393 71.572 72.390 70.529 71.658 69.294 67.505 68.830 65.683 65.646 Oceania 386 350 338 378 372 373 374 378 378 372 324 358 Total 38 countries 91.548 89.008 96.491 94.904 96.078 92.703 94.035 91.603 89.224 90.758 87.071 87.251 Direct reduced iron (DRI) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Canada 76 67 70 65 19 64 83 81 85 76 69 86 Mexico 353 309 496 490 501 527 458 488 497 471 460 480 Trinidad and Tobago 128 148 183 138 195 164 166 131 89 153 99 105 Argentina 177 163 166 140 119 121 69 1 153 167 185 145 Peru 9 8 7 9 9 9 8 9 6 7 7 7 Venezuela 398 374 431 439 364 393 391 337 318 364 383 402 Egypt 248 238 268 264 252 258 257 260 259 253 244 266 South Africa 129 127 114 117 123 127 99 140 147 150 145 150 Iran 925 833 872 965 971 1.007 912 982 993 945 995 1.182 Saudi Arabia 430 429 478 291 474 465 457 424 368 458 443 260 India 1.733 1.638 1.678 1.679 1.678 1.653 1.652 1.729 1.659 1.580 1.530 1.590 Total 11 countries 4.606 4.334 4.763 4.596 4.706 4.788 4.553 4.583 4.575 4.623 4.560 4.673
  • 5. * Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec European Union (27) 14.158 14.173 15.729 14.951 15.415 14.716 14.228 12.028 14.301 14.161 13.595 11.975 CIS (6) 9.503 8.918 9.865 9.570 9.615 9.243 9.172 9.250 9.280 8.933 8.904 8.925 North America 10.451 10.191 10.850 10.684 10.772 9.780 10.014 10.348 9.592 9.582 9.511 10.087 South America 3.731 3.780 4.303 4.074 3.945 3.829 3.937 3.836 3.835 4.185 3.873 3.603 Africa/Middle East 2.929 2.934 2.984 3.045 2.994 2.897 2.570 2.803 2.795 2.830 2.810 2.857 Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406 Oceania 490 454 463 485 477 485 494 519 511 504 473 450 Total 62 countries 123.768 121.037 132.637 129.599 131.387 127.431 128.650 123.707 123.648 125.075121.990 121.293 China 56.733 55.883 61.581 60.575 61.234 60.213 61.693 58.703 57.946 59.096 57.471 57.656 India 6.357 6.039 6.253 6.360 6.593 6.375 6.359 6.476 6.299 6.604 6.400 6.600 Japan 8.630 8.612 9.324 9.077 9.224 9.198 9.251 9.207 8.802 8.836 8.505 8.569 South Korea 5.774 5.439 6.095 5.915 6.032 5.764 5.907 5.632 5.661 5.651 5.640 5.811 Taiwan, China 1.679 1.714 1.855 1.783 1.804 1.781 1.761 1.730 1.440 1.675 1.664 1.770 Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406
  • 6. * 1511104 708784 107233 88637 71534 70032 69387 42648 35866 34678 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 Total World Japan Russia South Korea Turkey 2012 China: 47% Japan: 7% United States: 6% India: 5% Russia: 5% South Korea: 5% Rest of the world: 26% 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 China Japan United States India Russia South Korea
  • 7. * Coke Integrated Plant (Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST) Direct Reduction Integrated Plant (Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST) Energy Source: Coal Energy Source: Natural Gas Capital High Intensive Capital Low Intensitas High Dependence of Scale Low Dependence of Scale Stream: Coke Oven + B. Furnace + Oxygen Conventer Stream: Direct Reduction + Electric Furnace  Charcoal Integrated Plant (Vallourec Mannesmann).  Charcoal Non Integrated Plant (Pig Iron Producers).  Semi integrated Plant – Mini Mill (Arcellor-Mittal)
  • 8. * C(s) + O 2(g)  CO2(g) CaCO3(s)  CO2 (g) + CaO(s) CO2(g) + C(s)  2CO(g) 3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s)  2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g) CaO(s) + SiO(s)  CaSiO3(l)
  • 9. *
  • 10. *
  • 11. *
  • 12. * Fe Total 90-94% Fe Metallic 83-90% Metallization 92-96% C 1.0-2.5% P2O5† 0.005 – 0.09% S† 0.001-0.03% Gangue† 2.8-6%
  • 13. *
  • 14. *
  • 15. *
  • 16. *
  • 17. *
  • 18. *
  • 19. *
  • 20. *
  • 21. *
  • 22. *
  • 24. *