INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET
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The document introduces the basics of the Internet. It describes the history from its conception in the 1960s to its growth in the 1990s-2000s. It explains that an Internet user needs a computer, modem, Internet Service Provider (ISP) and browser to access the web. The browser allows users to enter URLs to access websites and search engines. In addition to the web, the Internet provides non-web services like newsgroups, file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet, and email.
INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET Briefly describe the history of the Internet Explain what is needed to get on the Internet Describe generally what an Internet Service Provider does Describe the function of a browser Describe how to search the Internet List and describe the non- web services of the Internet
- 2. INTERNET???? A global network connecting millions of computers
- 3. J.C.R, Licklider of MIT – first proposed a global network of computers in 1962. Leonard Kleinrock of MIT & later UCLA developed theory of packet switching (basic internet connections) Ray Tomlinson – e-mail HISTORY OF INTERNET
- 4. The Internet exploded into the public consciousness in the mid 1990s Approximately the Internet grew from 72 million in 2000 to 162 million in 2002 E-commerce is growing rapidly. Tim Berners-Lee is arguably the pivotal figure in the surging popularity of the Internet THE INTERNET AS PHENOMENON
- 5. GETTING START The Internet Service Provider and the Browser An internet user needs • a computer • a modem (dial-up, cable or DSL) • a network connection • the related software • an Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Browser An ISP provides the server computer and software to connect to the Internet
- 6. The browser in action A browser is software used to explore the Internet Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) Others like Netscape, Opera and Mozilla are available.
- 7. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL is the address window just below the toolbar buttons will usually contain a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which is the unique address of a web page or file on the Internet http://www.intel.com/pressroom/index.asp Protocol Host computer address (Domain) path, directory, file name
- 8. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) communicating by using links – the clickable text or image that transport a user to the desired web site Domain name - the address of the site’s host computer. - “com” called top-level domain and represents the purpose of organization or entity. “com” – commercial “edu” – education “gov” – government “org” – organization “net” - networking center
- 9. Wireless Internet Access People using mobile handheld devices to access the Internet Examples: text pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pocket computers and even web-enabled cellular phones Many wireless access providers use the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to convert web pages into a format that is more compatible with the limited capabilities of handheld devices
- 11. Search Engine A search engine is software, usually located at its own web site, that lets a user specify search terms; the search engine then finds sites that fit those terms A browser usually offers links to one or more search engines, or a user can simply link to the site of a favorite search engine Example : a. Yahoo b. Altavista c. About d. AllTheWeb e. Google f. Lycos
- 13. A selection of Internet Search Tools Directories About Human experts, called guides compile directories organized around specific topics Yahoo! Well-organized categories let the user switch from browsing to searching in a certain area; but finds only keywords, not any word on a site. AlltheWeb Fast; supports a large number of languages; can limit result to specific domains. AltaVista Very fast; indexes every word on every page of every site; searches Usenet too; excellent for custom searches. Google Result raked by algorithm based on number of links from other pages. HotBot Fast; unique search options let you restrict searches; very comprehensive; excels at finding current news Lycos Numerous search options, a comprehensive directory, and good returns on simple searches.
- 14. NON-WEB SERVICES OF THE INTERNET 1. Newsgroups 2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 3. Telnet 4. E-mail
- 15. 1. Newsgroups Usenet – an informal network of computers Allows posting and reading of messages Typically focuses on specific topics Requires a newsreader Some are moderated Messages sent to a moderator, who determines whether the message is appropriate Prevents users from attacking other members and prevents inappropriate material from being posted
- 16. 2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) A protocol for transferring files among computers. FTP servers maintain collections of downloadable files Downloading can often be done anonymously, without logging in Many FTP servers can be accessed through Web browser
- 17. 3. Telnet A protocol that allows remote users to log onto a host computer. Users use their own PCs Users log in over the Internet Users’ experience is the same as if they were sitting at the host computer’s local terminal Remote user typically has to have a user ID and password
- 18. 4. E-mail The most commonly used feature of the Internet Network provides mail server : Collects and stores messages in mailbox E-mail address consists of user name, followed by @ symbol, then domain name of mail server E-mail client software on your computer Allows you to manage your e-mail messages Features Address books The ability to attach files Filters Direct incoming e-mail to specific folders Block spam