Introduction to the Linked Art Data Model
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The document introduces the Linked Art data model developed by Rob Sanderson and David Newbury, emphasizing its design for interoperability across cultural heritage institutions using CIDOC-CRM and RDF standards. It outlines the significance of linked data for structured data publication on the web, while addressing the model's usability and iterative development process. Additionally, it discusses the model's focus on representing core classes and relationships in cultural heritage documentation, facilitating effective data sharing and usability in various applications.
Introduction to the Linked Art Data Model
- 1. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Introduction to the Linked Art Data Model Rob Sanderson, David Newbury Semantic Architect, Software & Data Architect J. Paul Getty Trust rsanderson@getty.edu, dnewbury@getty.edu @azaroth42, @workergnome
- 2. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu CIDOC-‐CRM, RDF, & Linked Data
- 3. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu What is the CIDOC-‐CRM? “The CIDOC-‐CRM provides definitions and a formal structure for describing the implicit and explicit concepts and relationships used in cultural heritage documentation.” • An event-‐based way to look at the world • Standardized meaning and structures for information • ”Semantic glue" between different information sources • Highly theoretical
- 4. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu What is RDF? “RDF is a standard model for data interchange on the Web.” • A way for computers to work with facts • A way to express statements about resources • A W3C (web-‐based, web-‐friendly) data standard Subject -‐> Predicate -‐> Object
- 5. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu What is Linked Data? “The term Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing structured data on the Web.” • Some rules that help make RDF useful for others • Every ID is a HTTP URL, and it returns info about itself • You should use other people’s URLs whenever you can Subject (URI) -‐> Predicate (URI) -‐> Object (URI)
- 6. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu What Came Before? CIDOC-‐CRM Linked Data models by the British Museum, YCBA, SAAM, Getty, Zeri, and others. Important precursors and references for our model, these were: • Publishing-‐focused • Institution-‐specific models and predicates • Focused on Semantic Correctness
- 7. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Linked Art Model A CIDOC-‐CRM Linked Data model designed to work across many museums and to enable functional applications to be built on top of the model. • Standardized model across many institutions • Supports varying levels of completeness • Enables “round-‐trippability” of data • Uses CIDOC alongside AAT and other RDF vocabularies • Focused on Usability
- 8. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Linked Art Model Linked Art provides patterns and models that enable cultural heritage institutions to easily publish their data for both event-‐based digital research projects and for use by non-‐cultural-‐heritage developers. 90% of the use cases of 90% of the organizations, with only 10% of the complexity of the full CRM ontology.
- 9. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Patrick Hochstenbach, @hochstenbach
- 10. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Usable vs Complete
- 11. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Target Zone
- 12. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Successful Data Models… • Solve actual challenges, documented as use cases • Using data that is captured and available • Allow consistent description of shared use cases • Allow for addition of information not shared • Can be productively used • Via easy-‐to-‐implement services • With easy-‐to-‐implement applications • Provide interoperability with other data
- 13. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Successful Data Models… Are developed … • Iteratively • We will not get it right first time • Responsively • We will adapt it in response to feedback • Responsibly • We will consider changes/features carefully • Collaboratively • We will engage with the community and stakeholders
- 14. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Successful Data Models… Have carefully bounded scope Out of scope: • Complex Bibliography • Adopt eventual solution from Library domain • Data Provenance • Not Museum specific, adopt solution from LOD • Quantification of Uncertainty • Unsustainably complex, data unavailable
- 15. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Successful Data Models… Focus on the primary resources of concern for the domain Core Classes: • Object • Activity • Person
- 16. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Successful Data Models… Are Consistent and Unsurprising Common Patterns designed and used: • Classification of Specifics • Partitioning • Statements about Resources
- 17. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Object
- 18. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Person
- 19. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Activity
- 20. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Classification of Specifics We use AAT to provide more specific classifications of resources than are possible using CIDOC-‐CRM • Object: Painting vs Sculpture • Identifier: Accession Number vs Database Id • Place: Country vs City • Organization: Museum vs Art Dealer • Activity: Engraving vs Casting
- 21. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Partitioning Many types of resource can be partitioned, creating identity for further description of more granular parts • Objects: Parts, Features with different dimensions etc • Activities: Exhibition vs Venue, Auction vs Lot • Locations: Country, Region, City, District, Building • Texts: Set, Volume, Chapter, Page • Organizations: Organization, Program, Dept, Group
- 22. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Statements about Resources Resources can have statements (notes) with classifications for the topic of the statement. Can co-‐exist with machine readable data. • Materials • Provenance • Attribution • Biography • Description
- 23. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu JSON-‐LD Representation { "@context": "https://lod.museum/ns/context/1/full.jsonld", "id": "https://lod.museum/example/object/1", "type": "ManMadeObject", "classified_as": "aat:300033618", # by reference "label": "Example Painting", "made_of": { "id": "aat:300015045", # by (minimal) value "type": "Material", "label": "watercolor" } }
- 24. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Linked.Art site Detailed information about the model is on the site: http://linked.art/model/ Split into sections based on the objects of interest: • Objects; Collections • People; Places • Provenance; Exhibitions • Sources; Datasets
- 25. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Linked.Art vs AAC Target Model? The linked.art model continues the work of the AAC target model: • Apply lessons learnt from use and application to different datasets, domains (Provenance, Photos) • Provides more detail based on questions from reviews and subsequent AAC partner discussion • Ongoing support and engagement with the community beyond AAC – Provenance, Pharos, Nomisma, ...
- 26. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Thank You! Rob Sanderson, David Newbury rsanderson@getty.edu, dnewbury@getty.edu @azaroth42, @workergnome
- 27. @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu IIIF: Interoperabilituy Intro to linked.art Data Model @azaroth42 rsanderson @getty.edu Discuss!