Introduction, Types and Phases of Disaster Management
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The document outlines disaster management, detailing types of disasters both natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods) and human-caused (e.g., terrorism, industrial accidents). It describes the four phases of disaster management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, each focusing on preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. Additionally, it highlights the role of the Disaster Distress Helpline in supporting individuals affected by such events.
Introduction, Types and Phases of Disaster Management
- 1. - Velika D’Souza URK20CR1071
- 3. United Nations International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies
- 5. Natural Disasters Natural disasters are large-scale geological or meteorological events that have the potential to cause loss of life or property. These types of disasters include: • Tornadoes and Severe Storms • Hurricanes and Tropical Storms • Floods • Wildfires • Earthquakes • Drought Severe storms and floods are the most common types of natural disasters reported in the United States. These meteorological events are occasionally preceded by presidential “emergency declarations” requiring state and local planning prior to the event, such as evacuations and protection of public assets. Disaster Distress Helpline staff are available to speak to those who call or text before, during, and after a natural disaster.
- 7. Human-Caused Disasters Examples include industrial accidents, shootings, acts of terrorism, and incidents of mass violence. As with natural disasters, these types of traumatic events may also cause loss of life and property. They may also prompt evacuations from certain areas and overwhelm behavioral health resources in the affected communities. In the aftermath of the tragic loss of life that occurred on September 11, 2001, the feelings of loss of security and well-being—arguably the most crucial ingredients for leading a happy, healthy life—dramatically affected the citizens of the United States. Disaster Distress Helpline staff are also trained to respond to calls or texts related to these types of disasters.
- 10. Phase 1: Mitigation Meaning: To prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize their effects The “mitigation” phase occurs before a disaster takes place. Here, an organization will take steps to protect people and property, while also decreasing risks and consequences from a given disaster situation. The organization’s main goal is to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts (such as property damage, injuries and loss of life). Phase 2: Preparedness Meaning: To take actions ahead of time to be ready for an emergency The “preparedness” phase also occurs before a disaster takes place. Here, an organization attempts to understand how a disaster might affect overall productivity and the bottom line. The organization will also provide appropriate education while putting preparedness measures into place.
- 11. Phase 3: Response Meaning: To protect people and property in the wake of an emergency, disaster or crisis The “response” phase occurs in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. Organizations must focus their attention on addressing immediate threats to people, property and business. Occupant safety and wellbeing largely depends on its preparedness levels before disaster strikes. Phase 4: Recovery Meaning: To rebuild after a disaster in an effort to return operations back to normal The “recovery” phase takes place after a disaster. This phase is the restoration of an organization following any impacts from a disaster. By this time, the organization has achieved at least some degree of physical, environmental, economic and social stability. The recovery phase of a disaster can last anywhere from six months to a year (or even longer depending on the severity of the incident).