Introduction.pptx
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES BSN FINAL YEAR, AGCON COURSE: NURSING THEORIES COURSE COORDINATOR: Ms. AYESHA NAZ
- 2. CONCEPT OF THEORY Theory is a conceptual system of framework invented to some purpose. (Dickoff and James, 1963) Theories describe, explain or predict relationships among abstract concepts. Abstract concepts are “Mental Images of reality”. They may be highly abstract, non-observable and non-visible, such as intelligence, thoughts,
- 3. DEFINITION OF THEORY An organizing statement about abstract concepts that gives them meaning in relation to the real world. OR It is a Creative and rigorous structure of ideas that project a purposeful and systematic view of phenomena (Chin and Kramer 1991)
- 4. LATEST DEFINITION OF THEORY Rather scholars, experts, and researchers have tried to defined and explain theory based on their perceptions, and background among others. “Theories and models are concepts without a universal definition or meaning.”
- 5. PURPOSES OF THEORY The overall purpose of theory is to make scientific findings meaningful and generalizable. Theories allow scientists to unify together observations and facts into an orderly system. Theories provide a method of classifying and organizing data in a logical and meaningful manners.
- 6. PURPOSES OF THEORY Means by which new ideas can be interpreted . Response to new problems that have no previously identified solutions strategy. For identifying and defining research problems. For evaluating solutions to research problems. Means of giving old information new interpretations and new meaning. To identify important new issues and prescribe the most critical research questions that need to be answered to maximize understanding of the issue. Means to guide and inform new findings so that it can guide and improve professional practices.
- 7. WHAT ARE NURSING THEORIES? Nursing theories are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. Nursing theories provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines (e.g., medicine). It is a framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide nursing practice at a more concrete and specific level.
- 8. Nursing, as a profession, is committed to recognizing its own body of knowledge that is vital to nursing practices. To distinguish this foundation of knowledge, nurses need to I. Identify II. Develop III. Understand concepts and theories As a science, nursing is based on the theory of what nursing is, what nurses do, and why. Nursing is a unique discipline and is separate from medicine. It has its own body of knowledge on which delivery of care is based.
- 9. DEFINING TERMS IN NURSING THEORIES The development of nursing theory demands an understanding of selected terminologies, definitions, and assumptions. 1. Philosophy. These are beliefs and values that define a way of thinking and are generally known and understood by a group or discipline. 2. Theory. A belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action. Theories are also used to describe, predict, or control phenomena. 3. Concept. Concepts are often called the building blocks of theories. 4. Models. Models are representations of the interaction among and between the concepts showing patterns. They present an overview of the theory’s thinking and may demonstrate how theory can be introduced into practice.
- 10. TERMS CONTI………. 5. Conceptual framework. A conceptual framework is a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts. It is often used interchangeably with the conceptual model and with grand theories. 6. Proposition. Propositions are statements that describe the relationship between the concepts. 7. Domain. The domain is the perspective of a profession or discipline. 8. Process. Processes are organized steps or functions intended to bring about the desired result.
- 11. COMPONENTS OF NURSING THEORIES For a theory to be a theory, it has to contain 1. Concept 2. Definition 3. Relational statements 4. Assumptions that explain a phenomenon. It should also explain how these components relate to each other.
- 12. PHENOMENON A term given to describe an idea or response about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations. Phenomena may be temporary or permanent. Nursing theories focus on the phenomena of nursing.
- 13. CONCEPTS Interrelated concepts define a theory. Concepts are used to help describe or label a phenomenon. They are words or phrases that identify, define, and establish structure and boundaries for ideas generated about a particular phenomenon. Concepts may be abstract or concrete. Abstract Concepts. Defined as mentally constructed independently of a specific time or place. Concrete Concepts. Are directly experienced and related to a particular time or place.
- 14. DEFINITIONS Definitions are used to convey the general meaning of the concepts of the theory. Definitions can be theoretical or operational. Theoretical Definitions. Define a particular concept based on the theorist’s perspective. Operational Definitions. States how concepts are measured.
- 15. RELATIONAL STATEMENTS Relational statements define the relationships between two or more concepts. They are the chains that link concepts to one another.
- 16. ASSUMPTIONS Assumptions are accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs. These statements explain the nature of concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory.
- 17. IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES Nursing theories help recognize what should set the foundation of nursing practices. By defining nursing, a nursing theory also helps nurses understand their purpose and role in the healthcare setting. Theories serve as a rationale or scientific reasons for nursing interventions and give nurses the knowledge base necessary for acting and responding appropriately in nursing care situations. Nursing theories provide the foundations of nursing practice, generate further knowledge, and indicate which direction nursing should develop in the future. By providing nurses a sense of identity, nursing theory can help patients, managers, and other healthcare professionals to acknowledge and understand the unique contribution that nurses make to the healthcare services.
- 18. CONTI….. Nursing theories prepare the nurses to reflect on the question the nursing values, thus further defining nursing and increasing the knowledge base. Nursing theories aim to define, predict, and demonstrate nursing process. It can be regarded as an attempt by the nursing profession to maintain and preserve its professional limits and boundaries. In many cases, nursing theories guide knowledge development and directs education, research, and practices.
- 19. Thank you