introduction_to_sculpture.pdf
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO SCULPTURE A BRIEF HISTORY
- 2. SCULPTURE IS A VITAL PART OF CIVILIZATIONS ACROSS THE GLOBE. Fertility Bird Goddess, Egyptian 3600 B.C. Megalith, England, 2500 B.C.
- 3. SCULPTURE IS A RECORD OF HUMAN EXISTENCE. SCULPTURE IS A REFLECTION OF THE SOCIETY IN WHICH IT IS PRODUCED. Terracotta warrior from the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC)
- 4. EARLY SCULPTURES OF THE PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC ERAS WERE LIKELY CREATED FOR SYMBOLIC OR RELIGIOUS REASONS, AS WELL AS PRACTICAL MEANS. Venus of Willendorf, Austria, 25,000 B.C. Neolithic tools, 6,000 B.C..
- 5. SOME ANCIENT SCULPTURE’S MEANINGS REMAIN A MYSTERY. Stonehenge, England, 3100 B.C.
- 6. FROM SMALL, HAND HELD PIECES TO MONUMENTS, TRADITIONS OF CARVING, CASTING AND MODELING EMERGED IN THESE EARLY SCULPTURES. Bronze horse, 1000 B.C. Trajan’s Column, Italy, 106 A.D.
- 7. SCULPTURES OF ANCIENT EMPIRES RECORDED BOTH RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL LIFE. ARTISANS OF THESE CULTURES OFTEN USED TECHNIQUES AND METHODS THAT CONTINUED UNCHANGED FOR CENTURIES. Statue of Memi and Sabu, Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, ca. 2575–2465 B.C. Menkaure and his queen, Egypt, 2550 B.C.
- 8. SCULPTURE OF ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME IS ONE OF THE GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF WESTERN ART. THIS WORK OFTEN FOCUSED ON PERFECTING THE HUMAN FORM.
- 9. DURING THIS SAME TIME, DISTINCT SCULPTURAL TRADITIONS DEVELOPED IN OTHER AREAS OF THE WORLD.
- 10. DURING THE RENAISSANCE, ARTISTS AGAIN LOOKED TO PERFECTING THE HUMAN FORM. MICHELANGELO SOUGHT TO RELEASE THE IMAGE THAT WAS “LOCKED” IN THE STONE.
- 11. ARTISTS CONTINUED TO WORK IN THIS STYLE INTO THE 20TH CENTURY. ●Edmonia Lewis, one of the only female African American sculptors of the time, sculpted figures that represent both the beauty of the human figure while presenting thought provoking content.
- 12. IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY, ARTISTS SHIFTED FROM PORTRAYING REALISTIC FIGURES IN FAVOR OF DISTORTED AND ABSTRACTED FORMS. Auguste Rodin
- 13. THIS ABSTRACTION OF FORM CARRIED ON INTO THE 20TH CENTURY. Henry Moore Constantin Brancusi
- 14. SOME ARTISTS SHUNNED TRADITIONAL MATERIALS AND METHODS AND CREATED ENTIRELY NEW TYPES OF SCULPTURES. Marcel Duchamp Alexander Calder
- 15. SOME ARTISTS SHUNNED TRADITIONAL MATERIALS AND METHODS AND CREATED ENTIRELY NEW TYPES OF SCULPTURES. Robert Rauschenburg Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen
- 16. CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS CONTINUE TO REDEFINE SCULPTURE AS AN ART FORM. Louise Nevelson Deborah Butterfield
- 17. CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS CONTINUE TO REDEFINE SCULPTURE AS AN ART FORM. Andy Goldsworthy Sandy Skoglund
- 18. HOWEVER SCULPTURE IS MORE THAN JUST A THREE DIMENSIONAL OBJECT. 3 FUNDAMENTALS MUST BE PRESENT: ●FORM: THE CONFIGURATION THE IDEA TAKES WHETHER RECOGNIZABLE OR NOT THAT DEMONSTRATES SKILLFUL USE OF ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES. ●CONTENT: THE EMOTION, PASSION OR MESSAGE THE SCULPTOR INTENDS TO CONVEY AND HOW THE VIEWER INTERACTS WITH THE PIECE. ●TECHNIQUE: THE SCULPTOR’S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY USE MATERIALS AND TOOLS. CRAFTSMANSHIP.
- 19. FORM ●HOW HAS THE ARTIST SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED THE ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES? Chakaia Booker
- 20. CONTENT ●What message or feeling is the artist conveying? Magdalena Abakanowicz
- 21. TECHNIQUE ●WAS THE ARTIST ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY USE MATERIALS AND TOOLS? HOW DID THE SUBJECT INFORM HER CHOICES? Louise Bourgeois
- 23. SCULPTURE IS CREATED IN FOUR BASIC WAYS •MODELING •CARVING •CASTING •ASSEMBLING
- 24. MODELING • IN THIS PROCESS, A SOFT, PLIABLE MATERIAL IS BUILT UP AND SHAPED. MEDIA SUCH AS CLAY OR WAX ARE USED IN MODELING. • BECAUSE THE SCULPTOR GRADUALLY ADDS MORE MATERIAL TO BUILD A FORM, MODELING IS REFERRED TO AS AN ADDITIVE PROCESS.
- 25. CARVING • IN CARVING, THE SCULPTOR CUTS, CHIPS, OR DRILLS FROM A SOLID MASS OF MATERIAL TO CREATE A SCULPTURE. MATERIAL IS REMOVED UNTIL THE SCULPTURE IS COMPLETED. • CARVING IS CALLED A SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS. • WOOD AND STONE ARE THE MOST COMMON CARVING MEDIA.
- 26. CASTING • IN CASTING, MOLTEN METAL OR ANOTHER SUBSTANCE (PLASTER, CEMENT, ETC.) IS POURED INTO A MOLD AND ALLOWED TO HARDEN. • THE ARTIST CAN THEN MAKE DUPLICATES OF THE SAME FORM OVER AND OVER AGAIN.
- 27. ASSEMBLING • IN THIS PROCESS, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS ARE GATHERED AND JOINED TOGETHER TO MAKE A SCULPTURE. • MEDIA CAN BE WELDED, GLUED, SEWN OR OTHERWISE FITTED TOGETHER.
- 29. FREE-STANDING OR FULL-ROUND • THIS TYPE OF SCULPTURE CAN HAVE A BASE OR STAND ON IT’S OWN. • FREE-STANDING SCULPTURE CAN BE VIEWED 360 DEGREES.
- 30. RELIEF SCULPTURE • RELIEF SCULPTURE IS ATTACHED TO A SURFACE. • IT CAN ONLY BE VIEWED FROM THE FRONT. • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF RELIEF SCULPTURE: • BAS RELIEF • HIGH RELIEF
- 31. KINETIC SCULPTURE • KINETIC SCULPTURE IS USUALLY ASSEMBLED AND HAS MOVING PARTS • THESE PARTS ARE MEANT TO MOVE USING NATURAL OCCURRENCES LIKE WIND OR WITH MAN- MADE POWER.
- 32. INSTALLATION • INSTALLATION ART IS CREATED BY ASSEMBLING MULTIPLE PIECES AND MULTIPLE MEDIA. • THIS TYPE OF ART CAN BE PERMANENT OR BE PART OF A TRAVELING EXHIBIT.
- 33. QUESTIONS???