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This document discusses I/O streams in Java, which allow reading and writing of data from sources and to destinations. It describes input and output streams, character and byte streams, and the Unicode standard for representing written languages internationally. Unicode was developed to solve the problems with different encodings for languages in various standards, and assigns a unique code value to each character. The document also mentions the File class, which contains methods for obtaining file properties and renaming/deleting files, and BufferedReader and BufferedWriter which improve I/O performance.
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- 2. Automatically I/O package Stream: A sequence of data. Input Stream: reads data from source. Output Stream: writes data to destination.
- 3. Automatically I/O methods Character Streams Byte Streams
- 5. Automatically Unicode is a universal international standard character encoding that is capable of representing most of the world's written languages. Before Unicode, there were many language standards: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) for the United States. ISO 8859-1 for Western European Language. KOI-8 for Russian. GB18030 and BIG-5 for Chinese.
- 6. Automatically Problem A particular code value corresponds to different letters in the various language standards. The encodings for languages with large character sets have variable length. Some common characters are encoded as single bytes, other require two or more byte. Solution To solve these problems, a new language standard was developed i.e. Unicode System. In unicode, character holds 2 byte, so java also uses 2 byte for characters. lowest value:u0000 highest value:uFFFF
- 9. Automatically The File class contains the methods for obtaining the properties of a file/directory and for renaming and deleting a file/directory. The File class is intended to provide an abstraction that deals with most of the machine dependent complexities of files and path names in a machine-independent fashion. The File class contains the methods for obtaining file and directory properties and for renaming and deleting files and directories
- 10. Automatically
- 11. Automatically BufferedReader & BufferedWriter
- 12. Automatically Introduction to Java Programming, Comprehensive Version (10th Edition), Y. Daniel Liang Java The Complete Reference (9th Edition), Herbert Schildt