IP Subnetting
Download as PPT, PDF5 likes3,737 views
The document discusses IP subnetting, including: 1. IP classes and why subnetting is used to preserve public IPv4 addresses. 2. An example of subnetting a Class C IP address to create 5 networks, including reserving bits in the subnet mask and determining the resulting network ranges. 3. Another example of subnetting a Class C IP address to create network ranges for 50 hosts, again reserving bits in the subnet mask and determining the network ranges.
IP Subnetting
- 1. IP Subnetting Shahzad Rashid NOC Executive Engineer (TXN) Telenor Pakistan
- 2. Contents IP Classes Why Subnetting Subnetting for Networks Subnetting for Hosts
- 3. IP Classes: Class A: 1-126 (16 Million Hosts on 127 Networks) Class B: 128-191 (65000 Hosts on 16000 Networks) Class C: 192-223 (254 Hosts on 2 Million Networks) Class D: 224-239 (Reserved for Multicast Groups) Class E: 240-254 (For Future use and R & D) Loop Back Address: 127.x.x.x (Reserved for Loopback Tests) .1/.2 are usually used as Gateway Addresses The last address e.g. .255 is used as Broadcast Address Why Subnetting: To preserve Public IPv4 Addresses
- 4. Subnetting for Networks . Step 1: Convert the Number of Networks to Binary Step 2: Reserve bits in Subnet Mask according to the Number of Networks Converted to Binary (From Left to Right) Step 3: Use the Last Reserved bit to find your Network Ranges
- 5. Practice Scenario . Subnetting for 5 Networks using Class C IP Address: 192.168.1.0 Default Class C Mask: 255.255.255.0 Step 1: Convert required Networks to Binary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bit 1 and 3 are Turned ON. That makes a total of 5 Now Count from Right to Left and see how far is the last bit Turned ON 3 is the count from Right to Left
- 6. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 2: Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Reserve 3 bits in the Fourth Octet of Subnet Mask from Left to Right (Turn them ON and turn OFF the remaining bits) 255 255 255 0 11111111 11111111 11111111 000000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 111 000000 First 3 Bits of the Last (Fourth) Octet Reserved Subnet Mask comes out to be : 255.255.255.224 This is the Subnet Mask for 5 Networks
- 7. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 3: 255 255 255 0 11111111 11111111 11111111 000000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 111 000000 Refer to the Last Octet 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Starting from Left to Right notice the last bit Turned ON Last bit Turned ON is 32 Network Ranges will be determined using 32
- 8. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 3 (Contd…): Network Ranges (The best possible utilization of IP for 5 Networks) 1. 192.168.1.1 ----- 192.168.1.31 2. 192.168.1.32 ----- 192.168.1.63 3. 192.168.1.64 ----- 192.168.1.95 4. 192.168.1.96 ----- 192.168.1.127 5. 192.168.1.128 ----- 192.168.1.159 6. 192.168.1.160 ----- 192.168.1.191 7. 192.168.1.192 ----- 192.168.1.223 These are the 7 Seven Network Ranges which is the most appropriate Subnetting for 5 Networks without misusing the IP’s
- 9. Subnetting for Hosts . Step 1: Convert the Number of Hosts to Binary Step 2: Reserve bits in Subnet Mask according to the Number of Hosts Converted to Binary (From Right to Left) Step 3: Use Last Reserved bit to find your Network Ranges
- 10. Practice Scenario . Subnetting for 50 Hosts using Class C IP Address: 192.168.1.0 Default Class C Mask: 255.255.255.0 Step 1: Convert required Networks to Binary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 Bit 2, 5 and 6 are Turned ON. That makes a total of 50 Now Count from Left to Right and see how far is the last bit Turned ON 6 is the count from Right to Left
- 11. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 2: Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Reserve 6 bits in the Fourth Octet of Subnet Mask from Right to Left (Turn them OFF and turn ON the remaining bits) 255 255 255 0 11111111 11111111 11111111 000000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 0000000 Last 6 Bits of the Last (Fourth) Octet Reserved Subnet Mask comes out to be : 255.255.255.192 This is the Subnet Mask for 50 Hosts
- 12. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 3: 255 255 255 0 11111111 11111111 11111111 000000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 0000000 Refer to the Last Octet 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Starting from Left to Right notice the last bit Turned ON Last bit Turned ON is 64 Network Ranges for 50 Hosts will be determined using 64
- 13. Practice Scenario (Contd…) . Step 3 (Contd…): Network Ranges (The best possible utilization of IP for 50 Hosts) 1. 192.168.1.1 ----- 192.168.1.63 2. 192.168.1.64 ----- 192.168.1.127 3. 192.168.1.128 ----- 192.168.1.191 4. 192.168.1.192 ----- 192.168.1.255 Each Network Range can have around 60-61 Hosts each, which is the best possible Subnetting for 50 Hosts
- 14. Thanks for Viewing .