Basics about IP address, DNS and DHCP.
Download as PPTX, PDF19 likes10,227 views
This document discusses IP addresses, DNS, DHCP, and related networking concepts. It defines an IP address as a unique number assigned to devices on a network that allows them to be identified and located. It describes IPv4 and IPv6 address standards and how network and host IDs are defined for different address classes. It also explains loopback addresses, APIPA addresses, DNS and how it translates names to addresses, and DHCP and how it dynamically assigns IP addresses and configuration information to devices on a network.
Basics about IP address, DNS and DHCP.
- 2. India IP Address • What is an IP address ? Internet protocol address unique identifying number given to every single computer on the Internet. IP address is a special serial number used for identification. allows the machine to be located by other machines on the network
- 3. India IP Address • IP addresses can be either static or dynamic Static IP – Fixed and never changes Dynamic IP – temporary and could change at any time
- 4. India IP Address • Two Standards of IP address – IPv4 – 32 bit binary bits 4 numbers separated by dots. Example - 25.161.13.191 IPv6 – 128 bit binary bits eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons(:). Example - 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
- 5. India IP Address • IP address is divided in 2 parts :- Network ID and Host ID Network ID – It’s a ID of the network and resembles the network. Host ID – It’s a identification of host on the network. Net ID Host ID Example – 25.161.13.191
- 7. India IP Address • IP Address classes – Class Class Range Address Range Supports Class A 0-126 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks. Class B 128-191 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks. Class C 192-223 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks. Class D 224-239 NA Reserved for Multicasting Class E 240-255 NA Experimental; used for research
- 8. India IP Address • How to define network id and host id in IP address classes ? 10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100 Class A – First octet shows the network id and rest 3 octets shows the host id. Net Host ID ID 2^24 16,777,216 hosts per network 10.12.34.10
- 9. India IP Address • How to define network id and host id in IP address classes ? 10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100 Class B – First 2 octets show the network id while the last 2 denotes the host id. Net Host ID ID 2^16 16,384 hosts per network 10.12.34.10
- 10. India IP Address • How to define network id and host id in IP address classes ? 10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100 Class C – First 3 octets show the network id while the last 1 denotes the host id. Net Host ID ID 2^8 256 hosts per network 10.12.34.10
- 12. India IP Address • Loopback address – (127.0.0.1) Also called as Localhost. Loopback has no hardware associated with it. Allows us to test ip software without worrying about the broken or corrupted driver or hardware. Loopback interface never goes down. Used for management on routers.
- 14. India IP Address • APIPA address – Link-local address Automatic Private IP Address. Range - 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 With APIPA, client machines can automatically self-configure an IP address. Meant for small business environments, usually less than 25 clients. ex. Home , small intranet LAN’s. How to check if your computer is enabled for APIPA?
- 15. India DNS
- 16. India DNS • DNS – Domain Name System DNS is a protocol. Used to translate a user friendly domain name into an IP address. DNS implements a distributed database to store the name and address information for all public hosts on the Internet. DNS resolver – contacts DNS server to determine servers IP address. Best example of DNS is Internet.
- 17. India DNS • How DNS works :- www.google.com 3. That’s in my cache. It maps to IP address 70.42.251.42 5 DNS 4. great! I will cache server 3 that for a while. 2 5.Thanks for the direction DNS Server 4 1 1. I need direction to 2. The domain name is www.google.com www.google.com is not in my database
- 18. India DHCP
- 19. India DHCP • DHCP :- Dynamic host configuration protocol. Configures devices that are connected to a network so that they can communicate using the IP address. Maintains database of available IP addresses and configuration information. Allocate IP address to a client on a lease. Lease :- amount of time that a given IP address will be valid for a computer. Lease duration is set to 8 days by default. DHCP Pool – contains list of available IP address.
- 20. India DHCP • How DHCP works :- DHCP works on DORA process. 1) Discover 2) Offer 3) Request 4) Acknowledge
- 21. India THE END