IPTC and Rights Expression Languages
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The document discusses the need for a machine-readable rights expression language for news content, outlining various examples of usage rights and the different models and standards available. It highlights the consensus among IPTC members on the importance of transmitting rights metadata, while noting a lack of commonality in responses regarding enforcement within editorial tools. The document evaluates existing solutions like ODRL and proposes its development alongside ACAP v2 for practical implementation in the news industry.
IPTC and Rights Expression Languages
- 1. IPTC andRights Expression LanguagesStuart MylesAssociated Press8th March 2011
- 2. © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved2Rights Examples“No New York”“Not for Yahoo”“No Canada mobile”“No sales”“Any non-commercial use, requires attribution”“No Internet/Mobile usage without Football Association Premier League (FAPL) license”“No mobile use until 2 hours after the match, website users are obliged to comply with DFL restrictions”
- 3. Usage Rights and NewsLooking at the examples of usage rights for news content, we see some common types of factors:Specific organizationsTypes of organizationsPermitted or restricted actions (e.g. sales)Required actions (e.g. attribution)Time constraintsGeographic locationsPlatforms (e.g. mobile)© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved3
- 4. IPTC and RightsIn March 2010, we reviewed IPTC rights supportNITF, NewsML 1, the G2 FamilyEach offers semi-structured natural language statementsConclusion a machine-readable solution is requiredPrincipally for use within the G2 family of standardsIPTC would prefer to select an existing language, rather than developing a new REL entirely from scratchWe conducted a survey of IPTC membersWe evaluated candidate languages and decided that ODRL was the best optionWe are working within ACAP v2 to create an ODRL Profile© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved4
- 5. Rights Use CasesThe survey was structured as five suggested use cases, to see if there was any commonality:Four use cases concerning applying rights metadata within an editorial systemOne use case about rights metadata being sent from or received from clientsWe got three responses, with little commonalityInterestingly, the main consensus was that the sending and receiving rights metadata is important but that enforcement in editorial tools is notThis appears to be contradictoryWhy is it important to transmit rights if they aren’t to be acted on?© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved5
- 6. Rights Expression Language?A machine-readable language to convey rights associated with a piece of contentAutomatically answer the question Can we use this content for this particular purpose?Rights:Permissions and restrictions on the use of a piece of contentGranted by a rights holder to a userBasic Structure:{Party A} grants {Party B} the right to {Action C} with {Item D} under {Condition E}© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved6
- 7. IPTC and Rights ExpressionsNewsML 1 and NITF support asemi-structured model© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved7
- 8. IPTC and Rights Expressions© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved8The G2 standards (NewsML-G2 et al) have a RightsInfo blockAllows natural language statementsDifferent model than NITF or NewsML1MPEG-21 / ISO REL© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved9MPEG-21 expresses requirements for a Rights Expression LanguageImplemented as ISO/IEC21000/5:2004A relatively simple data model, implemented as XML
- 9. PLUSPLUS Licensing Data FormatProvides standard vocabularies for creating licensesSimilar data model to ISO REL and ODRLSpecific vocabularies aimed at publishers of imagesPLUS has a relationship with IPTC© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved10
- 10. CCRELCreative CommonsGrant of rights beyond “fair use”, to promote re-usehttp://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_RELWidely implemented, used in certain Yahoo! and Google applications (chiefly to find rights cleared content)© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved11
- 11. ODRL v2© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved12The Core ODRL model supports permissions, restrictions and dutieshttp://odrl.net/2.0/DS-ODRL-Model.html
- 12. The ODRL ApproachCore modelThe basic framework for expressing rights and restrictionsDomain-specific vocabulariesSpecific actions or constraintsDesigned to be used by a particular industryTerms and their definitionsCommon vocabularyDesigning a vocabulary that is not aimed at a specific verticalBased on other RELs, including PLUSEncodingExpressing ODRL in XML, RDF (perhaps JSON, microformats)© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved13
- 13. ODRL and ACAPACAP v2 has been developing a set of news vocabularies for use in the ODRL v2 frameworkPrinciple participants have been AP, Getty, NLA, WSJNot too late to join…ODRL v2 and ACAP v2 are on track to complete by early Q3NLA and AP each preparing experimental implementationsTo see the current statusSign up to the ODRL/ACAP wikihttp://odrl.net/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=ACAP+Profile© 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved14