IRJET - Design and Development of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using Liquid Heat Exchanger

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2225
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGER
Prof. S. V. Borkar1, Prakash M Pawar2, Ramesh M Sable3 , Nikhil S Dangre4
1Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering
2,3,4 Student of 8th Semester, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - In recognition to the increasing effect of existing
refrigerants & Vapour Compression Refrigeration
System(V.C.R.S.) which uses it,their is a need to change the
system and refrigerants to reduce the Global Warming
Potential(GWP) & Ozone DepletionPotential(ODP),along with
this it will also has to increase the C.O.P. of thesystem.Soinour
project we use the Liquid Heat Exchanger & take the blend of
R600a and R290 as the refrigerant and another refrigerant
HFO-1234yf and calculate the COP of the system and found
that in both cases the coefficient of performance(COP) of the
system will increase and GWP & ODP was reduced as
compared to the existing V.C.R.S. system and currently used
refrigerant R134a.By using the Liquid Heat Exchanger we are
able to reduce the load on compressor so as to get the more
and more cooling effect with minimum input and less harm to
the environment. Through this project, we are able to reduce
the Global Warming Potential(GWP) i.e.,4 which is nearly
1300 in case of R134a and the Ozone Depletion
Potential(ODP) was already zero.So we successfully fabricate
and test the Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using
Liquid Heat Exchanger with the reduction in the
Environmental pollution and the improved COP of the system.
Key Words: Refrigerants, V.C.R.S., liquid Heat Exchanger,
Global Warming Potential, Ozone Depletion Potential…
1.INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is the process of cooling a space, substance, or
system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the
ambient one (while the removed heat is rejected at a higher
temperature). In other words, refrigeration means artificial
(human-made) cooling. Heat is removed from a low-
temperature reservoir and transferred to a high-
temperature reservoir. Refrigeration has had a large impact
on industry, lifestyle, agriculture, and settlement patterns.
1.1 Vapor-compression cycle
The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household
refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and
industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a
schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-
compression refrigeration system.
The thermodynamics of the cycle can be analyzed on a
diagram as shown in Figure 2. In this cycle, a circulating
refrigerant such as Freon enters the compressor as a vapor.
From point 1 to point 2, the vapor is compressed at constant
entropy and exits the compressor as a vapor at a higher
temperature, but still below the vapor pressure at that
temperature. From point 2 to point 3 and on to point 4, the
vapor travels through the condenser which cools the vapor
until it starts condensing, and then condenses the vaporinto
a liquid by removing additional heat at constant pressure
and temperature. Between points 4 and 5, the liquid
refrigerant goes through the expansion valve (also called a
throttle valve) where its pressure abruptly decreases,
causing flash evaporationandauto-refrigerationof,typically,
less than half of the liquid.

1.2 Necessities of Refrigeration
1.Domestic-In domestic for storing the food and other
material to keep it in well condition,
2.Commercial-For human comfort
3.Cold storage-For storing fruits and agricultural products,
4.Ice factory-To produce ice for various use,
5. In transportation
6.For storing medicinesand humanorgans anddeathbodies.
1.3 Major Elements of Refrigeration System and
their Functions
1.3.1 Condenser
Condensation changes gas to a liquid form. Its main purpose
is to liquefy the refrigerant gas sucked by the compressor
from the evaporator. As condensation begins, the heat will
flow from the condenser into theair,onlyifthecondensation
temperature is higher than that oftheatmosphere.Thehigh-
pressure vapour in the condenser will be cooledtobecomea
liquid refrigerant again, this timewitha littleheat.Theliquid
refrigerant will then flow from the condenser toa liquidline.
1.3.2 Compressor
The compressor’s use is to pull the low-temperature and
low-pressure vapour from the evaporator,througha suction
line. Once the vapour is drawn, it will be compressed. This
will cause the vapour’s temperatureto rise.Itsmainfunction
is to transform a low-temperature vapour in to a high-
temperature vapour, to increase pressure. Vapour is
released from the compressor into a discharge line.
1.3.3 Evaporator
An evaporator is used to turn any liquid material into gas. In
this process, heat is absorbed. The evaporatortransfersheat
from the refrigerated space into a heat pump through a
liquid refrigerant, which boils in the evaporator at a low-
pressure. In achieving heat transfer, the liquid refrigerant
should be lower than the goods being cooled. After the
transfer, liquid refrigerant is drawn by the compressorfrom
the evaporator through a suction line. Liquidrefrigerant will
be in vapour form upon leaving the evaporator coil.
1.3.4 Expansion Valve
Commonly placed before the evaporator and at the end of
the liquid line, the expansion valve is reached by the liquid
refrigerant after it has been condensed. Reducing the
pressure of the refrigerant,itstemperature will decreasetoa
level below its atmosphere. This liquid will then be pumped
into the evaporator.
1.3.5 Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between
two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used inbothcooling
and heating processes.The fluidsmaybeseparatedbya solid
wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] From this study they conclude that, an ideal vapour-
compression refrigeration system is used for the
performance analysis of alternative new refrigerant
mixtures as substitutes for CFC12, HFC134a, and CFC22.
Considering the comparison of performance coefficients
(COP) and pressure ratios of the tested refrigerants andalso
the main environmental impacts of ozone layer depletion
and global warming, refrigerant blends of HC290/HC600a
(40/60 by wt.%) and HC290/HC1270 (20/80 by wt.%) are
found to be the most suitable alternatives among
refrigerants tested for R12 and R22 respectively. The
refrigeration efficiency, theperformancecoefficient(COP)of
the system, increases with increasing evaporating
temperature for a constant condensing temperature in the
analysis. All systems including various refrigerant blends
were improved by analysing the effect of the
superheating/subcooling case. Better performance
coefficient values (COP) than those of the non-
superheating/subcooling case are obtainedasa resultofthis
optimization.
[2] From this study they found that as per the Kyoto and
Montreal protocols, the harmful refrigerants are to be
phased out and are to be replaced with alternate
environmental friendly refrigerants. The objective of this
paper is to evaluate different environmental friendly
refrigerant. On the basis of collecting information, the
following conclusions may be drawn. HFCs can replace R-22
without any modification in the system. Despite having the
advantage of zero ODP, the system delivers the poor
performance with increased energy consumption as
compared with R-22. Hydrocarbonsandtheirvariousblends
may replace R-134a without any system modifications. COP
of the system is improved with reduced energy
consumption.The system delivers better performance than
with pure refrigerant; the energy consumption is also
reduced. However optimum blend composition for

maximum performance of the system is not much studied.
Research work for deciding the concentration of blends has
to be undertaken to have better performance of the system.
[3] They concludedafter their study that project investedan
ozone friendly, energy efficient, user friendly, safe and cost-
effective alternative refrigerant for HFC134a in domestic
refrigeration systems. After the successful investigation on
the performance of HCs and blends of HCs as refrigerantsthe
following conclusions can be drawn based on the results
obtained. The energy consumption of the pure HCs and
blends of HCs is about similar to the energy consumption of
refrigerator when HFC134a is used as refrigerant. The
compressor consumes 2% and 3% less energy when Butane
and Iso-butane was used than that of HFC-134a at 28°C
ambient temperature. • HCs and mixture of HCs offer lowest
inlet refrigerant temperature of evaporator. So for the low
temperatureapplication HCsand blends ofHCsisbetterthan
HFC-134a. This indicates the possibility of using HCs as an
alternative of HFc-134a in the existing refrigerator system.
Chemical and thermodynamics properties of hydrocarbon
meet the requirement of a good refrigerant.The final
conclusion is that butane and isobutene can be used in the
existing refrigerator-freezer without modification of the
components.
3. METHODOLOGY
In our work,we use the Liquid heat exchanger after the
condenser in order to reduce the load on compressor and
also along with that we take Hydro-Fluoro-Olefin(hfo-
1234yf) and the blend of R600a and R290 which results in
the reduction in the Global Warming Potential(GWP) &
Ozone Depletion Potential(ODP).The experimental set-up of
the work is shown in the figure below:-
4. CONCLUSIONS
From the work,we conclude that by using Hydro-Fluoro-
Olefin(hfo-1234yf) as the refrigerant we get very low GWP
i.e.;4 with zero ODP.It has low toxicity,excellent COP and
Capacity.Also it doesn’t have glide temperature.This
characteristic properties will results in the increase in COP
of the system & reduce in the energy consumption of the
system.The blends of R600a & R290 results in neglisible
Green House Effect,strong cooling performance,low
toxicity,high solubility with conventional lubricants and
ester oils due to their individual characteristic properties.
REFERENCES
[1] International Communications in Heat and Mass
Transfer,By A.S. Dalkilic ,S. Wongwises,August,2010.
[2] International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
(IJMER), Vol.3, Issue.1, Jan-Feb. 2013 pp-250-253, by
Mohd. Ahmad Quraishi, U. S.Wankhede R. Nicole, “Title
of paper with only first word capitalized,”J.NameStand.
Abbrev., in press.
[3] International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical
Engineering,Volume 1,1:1,2007,by M. A. Sattar, R.
Saidur, and H. H. Masjuki.
[4] W.-T. Tasi, An overview of environmental hazards and
exposure and explosive risk ofhydroﬂuorocarbonHFCs,
Chemosphere 61 (2005) 1539– 1547.
[5] . Johnson, Global warming from HFC, Environ. Impact
Assessment Rev. 18 (1998) 485–492.
[6] Akhilesh Arora and Kaushik S C (2008), “Theoretical
Analysis of a Vapour-CompressionRefrigerationSystem
with R502, R404A and R507A”, International Journal of
Refrigeration, Vol. 31, pp. 998-1005.
[7] Bilal Ahmed Qureshi and Syed M Zubair (2011),
“Performance Degradation of a Vapour Compression
Refrigeration System Under Fouled Conditions”,
International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 34,pp.1016-
1027.
[8] Mohanraj M, Jayaraj S and Muraleedharan C (2009),
“Environment Friendly Alternatives to Halogenated
Refrigerants—A Review”, International Journal of
Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 3, pp. 108-119.
[9] Douglas J D, Braun J E, Groll E A and Tree D R (1999), “A
Cost Method ComparingAlternativeRefrigerantApplied
to R-22 System”, International Journal of Refrigeration,
Vol. 22, pp. 107-125.
BIOGRAPHIES
Prof. S. V. BORKAR
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of
Engineering
PRAKASH M PAWAR
Student 8th Semester
Engineering

RAMESH M SABLE
Engineering
NIKHIL S DANGRE
Engineering

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