IRJET- Enhanced Security using DNA Cryptography

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3193
Enhanced Security using DNA Cryptography
Aishwarya R U1, Dr. M N Sreerangaraju2
1Student, Electronics and Communication Department
2Professor, Electronics and Communication Department, Bangalore Institute of Technology, V.V Puram,
Bengaluru-560004, India
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Abstract - This paper proposes a secure and
lightweight compressive sensing of stream cipher based
on DNA encoding and decoding method. This method
encrypts text and data generated by image sensors. The
proposed method combines the compressive sensing
technique with DNA encoding and decodin g based
stream cipher to implement the secure compressive
sensing. To have the security objective, the overhead
should be minimal which is achieved by using of stream
cipher for generating the measurement matrix. The
proposed system is implemented using Verilog HDL and
simulated using Modelsim 6.4 c and synthesized using
Xilinx tool.
Key Words: DNA encoding and decoding, compressive
sensing, stream cipher.
1. INTRODUCTION
The continuous rapid progress in the innovation of the
electronicsandtelecommunicationindustryhasspread
throughout leading to sensor-infested smart
infrastructures.Duetothegrowthinsmartsensorsand
other devices the bandwidth for communication and
storage is becoming a scarce resource and moreover
communication of secured and private information
over the channels can raise the possibility of the
security. Therefore security of sensory data is a
challenging concern.
To combat these problems, Cryptographic systems are
being used where theprocessofcryptographyinvolves
processing of plain textinformationusingakeytoform
a cipher text and decrypting the cipher text to get back
the original plain text where third party will not be
having any knowledge of the key being used for
cryptography process.
Compressive Sensing(CS)isanemergingtechnologyin
the signal processing technology for efficiently
acquiring and reconstructing a signal, by finding
solutions to underdetermined linear systems. The
principle on which it is based is through the
optimization of the signal [1]. It is the method of
compressing the signals with the help of fewer
resources.
The compressive sensing uses a measurement matrix
called φ-matrix [3] which is used for compressing the
original signal. This matrix is considered to be the
secret key as it is known only known to the sender and
recipientwhichisusedforencryptingandcompressing
the signals or images.
Stream cipher is a type of symmetric encryption and
decryption algorithm. Stream ciphers are much faster
than any block cipher. The encryption and decryption
of plaintext with a stream cipher willresultinthesame
when the same key is used.
In this paper, we propose a new technique for secure
encryption and decryption by combining both stream
cipher and compressive sensing. Firstly, the paper
discuss about the measurement matrix used for
compressive sensing. Secondly, LFSR method[2]along
with stream cipher is being used to generate the above
matrix. Third, the same stream cipher is used for
performing the encryption process.
2. STREAM CIPHER
Stream ciphers are symmetric-key ciphers. In this
cipher, the plain text is encrypted along with the
corresponding key-stream digit, oneatatimetoobtain
the corresponding one digit cipher text stream. As the
each digitobtainedfromtheencryptiondependsonthe
current state of the cipher, this cipher is also known as
state cipher. The cipher textisobtainedbyXOR-ingthe
individual bit of thekey-streamwiththeinputmessage
bits.
Stream ciphers executes at a faster rate when
compared to block ciphers. These ciphers have lower
hardware complexity. As these ciphers have lower
resource requirements and due to the faster
operations,streamciphersarepreferredaslightweight
cryptographic primitive over block ciphers. The block
diagram of stream cipher encryptionis as showninFig
1.

Fig 1: Stream Cipher Encryption and Decryption
3. COMPRESSIVE SENSING ARCHITECTURE
Compressive Sensing (CS) is a signal processing
technique for effectively acquiring and reconstruction
of signals using fewer resources. The secure
compressive sensing is done by implementation of CS
encoder using the stream cipherbasedφ-matrixwhich
is referred to as CS using Stream Cipher (CSSC).
The proposed architecture of CSSC based on φ-matrix
is as shown in Fig 2. The numbers of adders/
subtractors used are based on accumulators used in
the system. The is subtracted from the previous
accumulator value if (i) =1 otherwise is
added to the previous value. The accumulator is
implemented using only added with input carry and
XOR gates as defined by the Eq. (1).
= + (i) ⊕ + (i) (1)
Firstly, the stream cipher generates the one column of
φ- matrix. Then to the accumulator each input signal
is taken at a time and it subtracts or adds from the
previousaccumulatorvaluedependingontheφ-matrix
elements. This process continues till the completion of
the whole block of the input data being processed.
Fig 2. Proposed Architecture of Compressive Sensing
with Stream Cipher based φ-matrix
To generate a random sequence, stream cipher
requires a secret key. Without the use of same secret
key, the reconstructed data generated from the φ-
matrix will not be same as that of the original data.
Therefore,forthesynchronousstreamciphersamekey
should be used for both encryption and decryption.
4. DNA ENCODING AND DECODING
DNA (Deoxy ribo Nucleic Acid) cryptography is the
process of hiding data in terms of DNA sequence. DNA
has a great cryptographic strength and its binding
properties between its nucleotide bases offer the
possibility of create a self-assembly structures which
are the effective means of executing parallel molecular
computations.
DNA has many properties like vast parallelism,
exceptional energy storage capability. There are four
classes of nucleotides, Adenine, Guanine, andCytosine,
Thymine (A, C, G, and T). These nucleotides are
stranded into polymer chains (DNA strands). DNA is
basically used to store genetic information. This
information cannot be duplicated or copied. The
advantages of DNA computing are: it has faster speed
of computation, minimal storage requirements and
minimal power requirements.
In the proposed system, the usergivesthekeyinputfor
the generation of key to encrypt and decrypt the
information. And then the key is represented using the
DNA bases format using lookup table (Table 1). These
bases representation will become the cipher text. To
decode this cipher text, the eavesdropper must have
access to lookup table and the key which is stored in
the DNA bases, which is more or less impossible. The
cipher text is now secured and can securely transmit
over any channel. At the receiver side, key which is
known to the receiver and along with the lookup table,
the cipher text is decrypted to its original text. The
block diagram for the DNA cryptography process is
shown in Fig 3.
Fig 3: DNA Encoding and Decoding

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed method for secure encryption using the
combinationofstreamcipherandcompressivesensing.
Firstly, the properties of measurement matrix used in
the CS are being studied. Secondly, LFSR-based stream
cipher is used to generate measurement matrix. Third,
we reuse the stream cipher for performing encryption.
Lastly the system is extendedfortheencryptionofdata
using DNA cryptography. The DNA encryption starts
with the message that contains alphabets, numerals
and some special characters. The key which is used for
encryption is being changed to DNA base triplets and
this triplet key is XOR-ed with the input bit to get the
cipher text and is send to the receiver over a public
channel. This cipher text will be the input to the
decryption process which is simply the reverse of
encryption. For the decryption, the same key is used
and with the lookup table, the cipher is decoded and
original data is obtained.
Table 1: Triplet code table for DNA encryption and
Decryption
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The output for the CSSC based φ-matrix is as shown in
the Fig 4. The waveform of input which is used for the
encryption and the corresponding output is shown in
the Fig 4.
Fig 4. Output for CSSC Encryption and Decryption
A specific waveform for the DNA encrypted key will be
generated due to a user DNA key and the following
figure (Fig 5) illustrates the same.
Fig 5. Output for DNA key generation
The output waveform for the DNA Cryptography is as
shown in the Fig 6. Here in this output, the DNA triplet
for each character is shown as per the encoding table
and also the encrypted and decrypted data is also
shown.
Fig 6. Output for DNA Encoding and Decoding
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, theideaofcompressivesensingofstream
cipher using DNA cryptography for 128-bit text is
proposed. As the LFSR method used for the generation
of stream cipher does not provideconfidentialityofthe
data. Therefore the proposed method of DNA
cryptography provides data security and faster speed
of operation. The applications of our proposedmethod
includes, among others, real-time monitoringsystems,
secure transmission of medical data (like ECG signals,
MR images), traffic videos, environmental monitoring,
Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) and IoT sensors.

REFERENCES
[1] N. Zhou, A. Zhang, F. Zheng, and L. Gong, “Novel
imagecompression–encryptionhybridalgorithmbased
on key-controlledmeasurementmatrixincompressive
sensing,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 62, pp. 152–160, Oct.
2014.
[2] R. Dautov and G. R. Tsouri, “Establishing secure
measurement matrix for compressed sensing using
wireless physical layer security,” in Proc.Int. Conf.
Comput. Netw. Commun. (ICNC), San Diego, CA, USA,
2013, pp. 354–358.
[3] G. Zhang, S. Jiao, X. Xu, and L. Wang, “Compressed
sensing andreconstructionwithBernoullimatrices,”in
Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Autom. (ICIA), Harbin, China,
2010, pp. 455–460.

IRJET- Enhanced Security using DNA Cryptography

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IRJET- Enhanced Security using DNA Cryptography