IRJET- Management of Smart Grid Power System using Zigbee Technology

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1255
MANAGEMENT OF SMART GRID POWER SYSTEM USING
ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY
Ritesh S. Kakade1, Ankush V. Mhala2, Kirti B. Nagane3
1Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, DES’S COET, Dhamangaon Rly
2Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, DES’S COET, Dhamangaon Rly
3Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, DES’S COET, Dhamangaon Rly
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Abstract - Smart Grid is preferred because it uses both
renewable energy and non-renewable energy sources to meet
the total demand, digitally send meter to suppliers for more
accurate energy usage, control of energy and operate power
plant. Loop network technique helps to maintain reliable and
secured transmission data when ZigBee network is used in
Smart Grid. This paper presents the ZigBee module. The non-
conventional system like solar energysystem, windenergyand
energy source from urban waste is also connected to Smart
Grid to meet the total demand. Minimum number of wireless
junctions is used to cover all consumers with continuous and
renewable data supply to control house. An alternatemethods
for generating electricity are highlighted and these methods
uses renewable sources like solar power, wind power, tidal
energy and so on. Many research companies concentrate on
the elemental technologies to generate the power but the
energy generated from these resources is not sufficient as the
growth of power demands and need efficient and intelligent
distribution system to distribute the energy. The intelligent
energy distribution management system is developed and the
results of managing the distribution of energy which is
generated from renewable resources are used effectively as
presented.
Key Words: Efficient Energy Distribution System, Load
Demands, Power Monitoring Device, Solar Systems,
Smart Grid, Zigbee Module.
1. INTRODUCTION
The traditional electricity system structureconsists
of electricity flow in single direction that is from grid to
thousands of consumers. The challenges withthistraditional
grid system is to tackle the increasing demand of electricity,
reducing the generation,transmissionandmaintenance cost,
reducing the use of fossil fuel for generation and
incorporating non-conventional energysourcelikewindand
PV cell for generation and balancing load consumption and
the power generation. Therefore, a solutionwhichconsiders
environment sustainability, power distribution and
generation costs, and total power demand at house must be
produced. Technique of monitoring and measuring helps to
receive data to find abnormality and grid integrity with
advance reading of meter, elimination of the process of
billing and power theft detection. Advanced equipment
assists in determining the performance ofthegrid-condition
which helps to maintain quality, reliability, and prevent the
outages. ZigBee is a low price advanced technique used in
sensor network. This paper explains idea of Smart Grid
system using ZigBee model called as ZigBee model of Smart
Grid system. This paper presents a Smart Grid systemwhich
consists of a ZigBee model and a control unit as
“Microcontroller”. The two renewable energy sources like
wind and solar energy are considered for the system design
and used Embedded C programming language for system
configuration.
The use of the non-renewable energy sources such
as fossil fuel has increased drastically from past few years. It
has carbon as the main element which has a great impact on
environmental life. When coal is burnt to produce power, it
mixes with oxygen producing the carbon dioxide as
byproduct. Carbon dioxide is the gas responsible for the
global warming. The alternate power source for the
generation of electricity is fuel cell,windpower,solarpower.
The hybrid energy sources have great advantage compared
to conventional power sources and it can eliminate the
pollution caused by burning the fossil fuel. The windturbine
converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
PV converts solar energy into electrical energy. The fuel cell
is device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction
with hydrogen and oxygen leaving behind water as
byproduct. With all this advantages it has some limitation
due to its slow transient response which affects current
delivered from it.
Therefore the hybrid energy sources need to be
combined with other power sources like ultra-capacitor, DC
power supply. This hybrid combination provides better
response. The hybrid combination of different electricity
network for generating electricity with better system
stability used to fulfill the energy need of specific location.
There are various renewable energy sourcesavailable,some
examples are wind power, photovoltaic, fuel cells, fuel cells
are better option compare to wind power and photovoltaic
but need of the continuous supply of hydrogen gas is
required. The wind power generation requires huge lands
and large size of turbines but when combines with fuel cells
and photovoltaic, it becomes good power source for the
village. The fuel cell based power generation needs less
space and it may be continuous power source if there is
uninterrupted supply of hydrogen.

2. Renewable Energy Resources
Renewable sources are also called Echo friendly
technologies are very important due to their pollution free
energy generation and having sustainablegrowth.There are
many sources of energy that are renewable and considered
to be environmentally friendly and harmless natural
processes. These sources of energy provide an alternate
„cleaner‟ source of energy, helping to negate the effects of
certain forms of pollution. All of these power generation
techniques can be described as renewable since theyare not
depleting any resource to create the energy. While there are
many large-scale renewable energy projectsandproduction,
renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid
applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where
energy is often crucial in human development.
Fig.2.1: Structure of General Renewable Energy System
But the disadvantage with the renewable sourcesis
that their power generation varies with climatic condition
and hourly based. To store this unsteady generated energy
from renewable sources required a huge, efficient battery
and inverter, and these are necessary to connect to the
power grid. In case of solar power systems variation in the
power generation is largely depends onweatherandseason.
Hence every renewable energy system requires storage
systems.
2.1 Conventional power system
The traditional electricity system structureconsists
of a system in which the flow of power is restricted to a
single direction i.e., from centralized power platform to
many end users. The generated power step-up using
transformer to transmit over long distance through
overhead transmission line to the consumer premises. The
generated power from different power plants is transmitted
to a common point is known as electrical grid. It consists of
substation, HV lines, and distribution lines which connects
consumer premises network as shown in figure 2.2.
Fig.2.2 Conventional Power System
2.2 Smart Grid Power System
A power system should be able to supply power
from multiple source such as wind energy source, solar
energy source and electric vehicle may plug in since large
variation in the generation of all nonconventional source
with time, therefore grid should able tostorepowerbyusing
advanced storing batteries, supper capacitors to maintain
the reliability of grid and also advanced generation,
transmission technique, control techniqueandduplexmeter
called smart meter must be used to maintain reliability of
Smart Grid. It helps both suppliers and consumer to set up
real time pricing for more accurate energy bills and energy
usage.
Fig.2.3: Smart Electricity Grid System
2.3 Benefits of Smart Grid
The following benefits are
a) Self-repair: If any contingency incurred system
immediately detect the problem and reduce losses
by bringing the system to normal state.
b) Motivates and involve buyer: system gives real
time pricing to users such as bulk consumer,

commercial and domestic consumer and offerthem
to select best price.
c) Resist Attacks: system has self-protected from
ground up.
d) Quality: system supply power which is free from
fluctuation, dips, low frequency and supplies
desired voltage level.
e) All Generation andStorage Options:systemhelps
to “plug-and-play" connection to different power
plant and advanced battery device.
f) Optimize and effective operation: A systemhelps
to build small renovation in existing system and
enables us transfer huge power fromexisting Smart
Grid and hence reduce the grid operation cost.
3. CIRCUIT DESCRIBTION
The challenges with this traditional gridsystemisto
tackle the increasing demand of electricity, reducing the
generation, transmissionandmaintenancecost,reducingthe
use of fossil fuel for generation and incorporating
nonconventional sources like wind and solargenerationand
balancing load consumption and the power generation.
Therefore, a solution which considers environment
sustainability, power distribution and generation costs,
control of energy and monitor required matching power at
the house should be produced. The current electrical system
needs to cope with the rising demand of power while
reducing the fossil fuel use for power generation, including
renewable sources of power generation in thegrid,reducing
the cost of energy unit and achieving balance between the
supply and load ends. The Smart Grid concept provides a
solution to all the problems mentioned allowing the
generation of electrical energy using renewable sources at
the consumer end reducing the transmission overhead and
cost and monitoring and control of the load at both supply
end and load end is done to achieve balance between source
and load.
3.1: Circuit Diagram of Solar Light Trap
The model gives a basic understanding of the Smart
Grid concept wherein the load will be sourced by any one of
the generating methods. By comparing the amount ofpower
generated by conventional and renewable energy sources
the load must be controlled and sourced by any one of the
sources. At the load side information is provided regarding
which type of energy the load is consuming.
As shown in fig.3.1 of proposal system the power is
to be managing in a grid system through zigbee. The first
block makes a comparison of whichsourcehasmoreamount
of power and controls the load based on this information.
This information is passed on to the second block where it
gets displayed. The main Electricity module represents the
Electrical source generated by any of the conventional
generation methods (fossil fuels). The solar Cell and the
wind mill modulesrepresentsenergysourcefromrenewable
sources such as solar and wind energy.
Fig.3.1: Block Diagram of Proposed Work
The electrical energy forms thesesourcesarefed
to Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) module to measure the
energy generated. The measured energy from each of the
three sources is fed as an input to Microcontroller module,
which performs the comparisonanddecideswhich electrical
source has sufficient power to meet the power requirement
of the load. If the controller finds a suitable source that
meets the load requirement then the load will be turned on
and power will be provided from the selected source. The
information of which source is selected to provide power to
the load will be displayed on LCD module by the controller
and at the same time this information is Wirelessly
transmitted to the load end side. ZigBee module is usedhere
to act as wireless transceiver for transmitting the source
information from the source end to the load end.
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we present the implementation of
prototype of Smart Grid concept. Electrical energy was
generated using the threemethodsanda controllerwasused
to control the power consumption at the load side. The
monitoring of the energy source being used to drivetheload
is made available at the load side. This paperimplementsthe
Smart Grid concept by providing Automatic Control of the
load and Monitoring of the Source Provider. The paper was
proposed taking a single load which can be enhanced with
more loads. The system can be further enhanced by
incorporating a two communication between the consumer
end and the supply end.
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IRJET- Management of Smart Grid Power System using Zigbee Technology