IRJET- Nanorobots: Application in Data Mining

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 10 | Oct 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 708
Nanorobots: Application in Data Mining
Veronica Deekala1, Jyothsna Pragathi Yazala1, Anitha Kowthalam2, Ramesh Raju Rudraraju1
1Department of Chemistry, University of College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur,
522510, India.
2Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapur, 515003, India.
------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract:- Nanorobot is a tiny machine designed to
perform a specific task or tasks repeatedly and with
precision at Nanoscale dimensions , that is dimensions for
a few nanometres(1nm= 10-9m).This paper begins with a
brief introduction to the field of Nanorobotics and
Nanorobots synthesis, applications in various fields and
disadvantages. The main objective of this paper is
describing a platform suitable for the design and
manufacturing research using Nanorobots for information
processing in the process of Extracting information from a
dataset and transform it into an understandable structure
for furtheruse i.e. Data Mining.
Keywords: Nanorobots, Nanoscale, Synthesis,
Applications, Information processing, Data Mining.
Introduction:
Nanotechnology can be best be defined as a description
of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have
applications in the real world. A Nanometre is a billionth
of a meter, that is, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a
human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen
atom(1)The field of Nanorobotics studies the design ,
manufacturing, programming and control of the
Nanoscale robots.(2). In 1887, James Clerk Maxwell first
mentioned concept of nanorobotics distinguishing in
nanotechnology. The first observation and size
measurement of nanoparticle were made by Richard
Feyman in 1959(3). The term nanotechnology was
coined by a student in Tokyo science university
in1974(4) the main element used in Nanorobots is
carbon because of its inertness and strength in the form
of diamond and fullerene. Nanorobots have exterior
passive diamond coating especially to avoid attack by the
host immune system. (5). They might function at atomic
(or) molecular level to build devices, machines or
circuits, a process known as molecular manufacturing.
The might also produce copies of themselves to replace
worn-out units, a process called self-replication. A
major advantage of nanorobot is durability. In theory,
they can remain operational for years, decades or
centuries. Due its tiny size, it allows mechanical and
electrical events to occur in less time at a given speed.
(6).nanobots would constitute any ‘smart’ structure
capable of actuation, sensing, signalling, Information
processing, Intelligence, manipulation and swarm
behaviour at nanocale(10-9).(7) The field of medicine is
expected to receive the largest improvement from this
Nanotechnology this is because nanotechnology
provides the advantage of transporting large amounts of
nanorobots in a single injection. Furthermore, designs
that include a communication interface will allow
adaption to the programming and function of nanorobots
already in the body. This will improve disease
monitoring and treatment whilst reducing the need for
invasive procedures. Though currently hypothetical,
nanorobots will advance many fields through the
manipulation of nano-sized objects. These nanobots are
mainly used in the field of medicine known as
Nanomedicine.
Structure and design of Nanorobots:
Components of Nanorobots
The main components of nanorobots are carbon because
its inert and possesses hard and good strength and in the
form of adiamond. The other components are hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, silicon and fluorine etc which
are used on nanoscale.
Parts of Nanorobots
Medicine cavity:
It is a hollow section inside the Nanorobot used to hold
small doses of medicine. This robot is capable of
releasing medication directly to the site of injury or
infection. Nanorbots could also carry the chemicals used
in chemotherapy to treat cancer.
Probes, knives and chisels:
To remove and blockage these probes, knives, and
chisels are used. These parts help nanorobot to grab and
breakdown the material. Also they might need a device
to crush clots into very small pieces. If a partial clot
breaks free and enters the blood stream, it may cause
more problems further down the circulatory system.(8)
Microwave emitters and ultrasonic signal Generators:
Doctors need a method for destroying cancerous cells
without rupturing it. By using fin tuned microwaves or
ultrasonic signals a nanorobot could break the chemical
bond in the cancerous cell, killing it without breaking cell
wall. Alternatively, the robot could emit microwaves or
ultrasonic signals in order to heat the cancerous cell
enough to destroy it.

Electrodes:
With the help of electrodes nanorobots generate electric
current, heating the cell until it dies.
Lasers:
Power laser may burn the harmful materials like
cancerous cells, blood clots and plaques. These lasers
vaporise tissues. With the help of powerful laser
vaporising cancerous cells is the challenging work, but
this laser does not harm to surrounding tissues. Team
around the whole world is working now a day, to
develop medical nanorobots that are small and enter in
to blood stream. (8)
Power supply for nanorobots:
Both externally and internally nanorobots get power.
Nanorobots get power directly from blood stream, for
creating power nanorobots use patients body heat.
These work just like navigation system(9).
Different types of nanorobots:
There are different types of Nanorobots
Small engine ever created: like any other engine , it
converts heat energy into movement- but it does so on a
smaller scale than ever seen before. The atom is trapped
in a cone of electromagnetic energy and lasers are used
to heat it up and cool it down, which causes the atom to
move back and forth in the cone like an engine piston.
Bacteria Powered robots: In this method electric fields
are used to help microscopic bacteria-powered robots
detect obstacles in their environment and navigate
around them. Uses include delivering medications,
manipulating stem cells to direct their growth or
building a microstructure.
Sperm-inspired microrobots: these can be controlled
by oscillating weak magnetic fields. They will be used in
complex micro-manipulation and targeted therapy tasks.
Nanorockets: Remote controlled nanoscale version of a
rocket by combining nanoparticles with biological
molecules. The researchers hope to develop the rocket
so it can be used in any environment
Nanoswimmers: ETH Zurich and Technion researchers
have developed an elastic”nanoswimmer”
polypyrrole(ppy)nanowire about 15
micrometers(millionth of a meter)long and 200
nanometres thick that can move through biological fluid
environments at almost 15 micrometers per second. The
nanoswimmers cold be functionalized to deliver drugs
and magnetically controlled to swim through the
bloodstream to target cancer cells.(10)
Biochip: the joint use of nanoelectronics,
photolithography, and new biomaterials, can be
considered as a possible way to enable the required
manufacturing technology towards nanorobots for
common medical applications, such as surgical
instrumentation, diagnosis and rug delivery. So,
practicalnanorobot should be integrated as
nanoelectronics device, which will allow tele-operation
and advanced capabilities for medical
instrumentation.(11)
Nubots: nubot is an abbreviation for “nucleic acid
robots”. Nubots are synthetic robotics devices at the
nanoscale. Representative nubots include the several
DNA walkers reported by Andrew Tuber fields group at
the university of oxford.
Bacteria based: This approach proposes the use of
biological micro organisms, like Escherichia coli bacteria.
Hence, the model uses a flagellum for propulsion
purposes. The use of electromagnetic fields normally
applied to control the motion of this kind of biological
integrated device, although it limited applications.(12)
Applications of Nanorobots:
Data Mining: It is an interdisciplinary subfield of
computer science. It is a process to extract information
from a data set and transform it into an understandable
structure for further use. This dataminng is mostly
applied in sales/ marketing, banking/Finance, healthcare
insurance, Transportation and medicine.Nanorobotas
would constitute a structure capable of information
processing at nanoscale. On these nanorobots using
integrated sensors for data transfer is the better way to
read and write data. An electromagnetic reader is
applied to launch waves and detect the current status of
nanorobots. The nanorobots monitoring data converts
the wave propagation generated by the emitting device
through a well defined protocol. According with last set
of event recorded in pattern arrays, information can be
reflected back by waves resonance. For nanorobot
passive data transferring ~4.5k Hz frequency with
approximate 22us delays are possible ranges for data
communication.
In Cryostatis: the extraordinary medical prospects
ahead of us renewed interest in a proposal made long
ago: that the dying patient could be frozen, then stored at
the temperature of liquid nitrogen for decades or even
centuries until the necessary medical technology to
restrore health is developed called cryonics, this service
is now available from several companies. Because final
proof that will work must wait until after we have
developed a medical technology, based on a foundation
of a mature nanotechnology, the procedure is
experimental. We cannot prove today that medical
technology will be able to reverse freezing injury 100
years from now. But given the wonderful advances that
we see coming, it seems likely we should be able to

reverse freezing injury-especially when that injury is
minimized by the rapid introduction through the
vascular system of cryoprotectants and other chemicals
to cushion the tissues against further injury.(13)
NanoImpression: Impression material is available with
nanotechnology application. Nanofiller are integrated in
the vinylplysiloxanes, producing a unique addition
siloxane impression material. The main advantage of
material is it has better flow, improved hydrophilic
properties hence fewer voids at margin and better model
pouring, enhanced detail precision.(14)
In Surgery: Surgicalnanorobots could be introduced
into the body through he vascular system or at the ends
of catheters into various vessels and other cavities in the
human body. A surgical nanorobot, programmed or
guided by a human surgeon, could act a semi-
autonomous on-site surgeon inside the human body.(15)
In Haematology: This ranges from developing artificial
methods of transporting oxygen in the body after major
trauma to forming improved clotting capabilities in the
event of a dangerous haemorrhage. Respirocytes and
clottocytes are artificial RBC and platelets for transport
of respiratory gas and halting bleeds respectively.
In Treatment of Diabetes: it is important to maintain
glucose level in the body for these nanorobots are
helpful. The SGLT3 (human sodium glucose co-
transporter type 3) has influence in regulating
extracellular glucose concentration and define glucose
level in the body and acts as sensor or identify
glucose.(16) nanorobots use chemo sensor that involve
the modulation of SGLT3 glucosensor activity. With the
help of this chemosensor nanorobots effectively
determine of insulin or other treatments.(5)
Nanorobots in kidney stones: Nanorobots are used to
break the kidney stones with the help of ultrasonic
shocks. Kidney stones are painful and alarge stone does
not passout in urine. Sometimes doctor break this stones
by ultrasonic frequency but these are not effective in
always. Nanorobots break up these kidney stones by
using small laser and these smaller pieces are passing
out in urine outside the body.(17)
Nanorobotsin Cancer Treatment: cancer treatment
comes to effectiveness if it is detected in early step of
cancer. Before the metastasis began cancer should be
detected nanorobots with chemical sensors are used for
detecting the tumour cells in early stage of cancer
development.(18). This nanosensor will sense the
presence of malignant cells in the body. Nano-carriers
used to carry out nanosensor and encapsulated drug to a
particular area of cancerous tissues. These encapsulated
drugs are delivered by to a nanorobots particulate
site(19, 20)
Disadvantages:
 Initial design high in cost.
 Design is complicated one
 Hard to interface, customise
 Privacy issues
 Security issues
 Misuse of information
Conclusion:
In this paper, we have attempted to describe about what
are nanorobots and their types, application in various
field. Till now we have known Nanorobots are a boon for
medialfield .to an extend we like to apply it in
information technology . Thus how data mining can be
simplified and reduce the risk by application of
nanorobots, du eto its high durability, signalling, sensing
and information processing structure.
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