IRJET - On Some Minimal S-Quasinormal Subgroups of Finite Groups

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2910
On Some Minimal S-Quasinormal Subgroups of Finite Groups
Sudha Lakshmi .G, Akshaya .G (master in mathematics)
1,2Thassim Beevi Abdul Kadar College for Women, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu, India.
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Abstract: A subgroup H of a group G is permutable subgroup of G if for all subgroups S of G the following condition holds SH = HS <
S,H >. A subgroup H is S-quasinormal in G if it permutes with every Sylow subgroup of G. In this article we study the influence of S-
quasinormality of subgroups of some subgroups of G on the supersolvability of G.
I.INTRODUCTION:
When H and K are two subgroups of a group G, then HK is also a subgroup of G if and only if HK = KH. In such a case we say that
H and K permute. Furthermore, H is a permutable subgroup of G, or H permutable in G, if H permutes with every subgroup of G.
Permutable subgroups where first studied by Ore [7] in 1939, who called them quasinormal. While it is clear that a normal
subgroup is permutable, Ore proved that a permutable subgroup of a finite group is sub- normal. We say, following Kegel [6],
that a subgroup of G is S-quasinormal in G if it permutes with every Sylow subgroup of G. Several authors have investigated the
structure of a finite group when some subgroups of prime power order of the group are well-situated in the group. Buckley [2]
proved that if all maximal subgroups of an odd order group are normal, then the group is super solvable. It turns out that the
group which has many S-quasinormal subgroups have well-described structure.
II .PRELIMINARIES
CONJECTURE 1.1.
If Hi is a permutable subgroup of G for all i ∈ I , then
< Hi : i ∈ I > is a permutable subgroup of G.
CONJECTURE 1.2.
Let H and K be subgroups of G such that K ≤ H and K ✂G. Then H is a permutable subgroup of G if and only if H/K is a permutable
subgroup of G/K.
CONJECTURE 1.3.
If H is a permutable subgroup of G and S is a subgroup of G ,then H ∩ S is a permutable subgroup of S.
CONJECTURE 1.4.
Let H be a p-subgroup of G for some prime p. Then
H ∈ Syl(G)⊥ if and only if NG(H) = Op(G).
III.MAIN RESULT
THEOREM 2.1 Let p be the smallest prime dividing |G|. If P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G such that every minimal subgroup of P is S-
quasinormal in G, then G has a normal p-complement.
Proof;
Let H be a minimal subgroup of P . It follows from 1.4 that NG(H) contains Op(G). Since P ≤ NG(H) we have that H is normal in
G. Suppose that P has at least two distinct minimal subgroups H1 and H2. Then H1 H2 = P . Hence P is normal in G. Let r be a
prime different from p and R Be a Sylow r-subgroup of G. By the above and 1.4 R normalizes each minimal Subgroup of P .

Since p is a smallest prime dividing |G|, we have that R induces a trivial automorphism group on P/Φ(P ) (Φ(P ) is a Frattini
subgroup of P ). This implies G = P × T by Schur Theorem.
Now we may assume that P has only one minimal subgroup H. Then P is cyclic and the assertion follows from Burnside’s
transfer theorem.
REMARK. It follows from 1.4 that if a minimal subgroup of a Sylow p-subgroup of a group G is S-quasinormal, then it is also
normal in G. Moreover G is even p-decomposable, if its Sylow p-subgroup for smallest prime p is non-cyclic and every minimal
subgroup of its Sylow p-subgroup is S-quasinormal.
COROLLARY 2.2 . Put π (G) = {p1, p2, . . . , pn} . Let Pi be a Sylow pi-subgroup of G, where i = 1, 2, . . . , n. If every minimal subgroup
of Pi is S-quasinormal in G for all i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}, then G is supersolvable
Proof.
Let p1 > p2 > · · · > pn. By Theorem 2.1 G has a normal pn-complement K. If a Sylow pn-subgroup Pn is non-cyclic, then by
Remark we have G = K × Pn. By induction, K is supersolvable. Therefore, G is supersolvable too. Suppose that Pn is cyclic. Then G
= K oPn, a semidirect product of a normal subgroup K and Pn. By induction K is supersolvable. Moreover all non-cyclic Sylow
subgroups of K are normal in G. Denote by H the direct product of all non-cyclic Sylow subgroups of G. Clearly, H is a nilpotent
normal Hall subgroup of G. The Frattini subgroup Φ(H) is normal in G and the group G/Φ(H) by 1.2 satisfies the condition of the
corollary. By induction we may assume that G/Φ(H) is a supersolvable group provided Φ(H) = 1.
Since the formation U of all supersolvable groups is saturated, this implies that G is supersolvable. Hence we may assume that
Φ(H) = 1. we have that H is a direct product of elementary abelian pi-subgroups for all pi ∈ π(H). By Schur-Zassenhaus theorem
on existence of complements we have G = H o L where L is a Hall subgroup of G with cyclic Sylow p-subgroups for all p ∈ π(L).
Now it is enough to show that P o L is a supersolvable group for each Sylow p-subgroup of H. But every minimal subgroup of P
is normal in G (see Remark) and the result follows.
THEOREM 2.3. If a group G has a normal p-subgroup P such that G/P is supersolvable and every minimal subgroup of P is S-
quasinormal in G, then G is supersolvable.
Proof.
We prove the theorem by induction on |G|. Let P1 be a Sylow p-subgroup of G. If P = P1, then by Remark after Theorem 2.1 we
have G = P1 o R where R is a Hall p0-subgroup of G, isomorphic to G/P . It is easy to see that the Frattini subgroup Φ(P ) is in the
Frattini subgroup of G. If Φ(G) is non-trivial, then G/Φ(G) is supersolvable by 1.2 and induction. Since the formation U of all
supersolvable groups is saturated this implies the supersolvability of G. Hence we may assume that Φ(P ) = 1. P is an
elementary abelian group. Now the result follows from Remark after Theorem 2.1 If P = P1 is cyclic, then G is clearly
supersolvable.
Suppose that P < P1. We may assume that P is non-cyclic. Since G is solvable, it has a Hall p0-subgroup H. By Remark after
Theorem 2.1 it follows that the subgroup K = HP = H × P. Clearly P is normal in P1. Hence Z(P1) ∩ P is non-trivial. Let Z be a
cyclic subgroup of order p in P ∩ Z(P1). Since G = P1H, we have Z is normal in G. By induction and 1.2 we get G/Z is
supersolvable. Now we obtain the required assertion from the definition of supersolvable group.
COROLLARY 2.4.
Let N be a normal subgroup of G such that G N is supersolvable and π(N) = {p1, p2, . . . , ps}. Let Pi be a Sylow pi-subgroup
of N, where i = 1, 2, . . . , s. Suppose that all minimal subgroups of each Pi are S-quasinormal in G. Then G is supersolvable.

Proof.
We prove the theorem by induction on |G|. From Corollary 2.2 we have N has an ordered Sylow tower. Hence if p1 is the largest
prime in π(N), then P1 is normal in N. Clearly, P1 is normal in G. Observe that (G P1) (N P1) ∼= G N is supersolvable. Therefore
we conclude that G P1 is supersolvable by induction on |G|. Now it follows from Theorem 2.3 that G is supersolvable
THEOREM 2.5.
Let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G where p is the smallest prime dividing |G|. Suppose that all minimal subgroups of Ω(P ) are S-
quasinormal in G. Then G has a normal p-complement.
Proof.
Let H be a minimal subgroup of Ω(P) .Our hypothesis implies that H is S-quasinormal in G and so Op (G) ≤ NG (H) ≤ G by 1.4.
Clearly, HOp (G) ≤ NG (H) ≤ G . If HOp (G) ≤ NG (H) < G, then HOp (G) has a normal p- complement K by induction. Thus K is a
normal Hall p
0
-subgroup of G and so G has a normal p-complement. Now we may assume that NG (H) = G, i.e. H is normal in G.
If G has no normal p-complement, then by Frobenius theorem, there exists a nontrivial p-subgroup L of G such that NG (L) /CG
(L) is not a p-group. Clearly we can assume that L ≤ P . Let r be any prime dividing |NG (L)| with r = p and let R be a Sylow r-
subgroup of NG (L). Then R normalizes L and so Ω (L) R is a subgroup of NG (L). Since H is normal in G, we have HΩ(L)R is a
subgroup of G. Now Theorem 2.`implies that (HΩ (L)) R has a normal p-complement and so also Ω (L) R. Since Ω (L) R has a
normal p-complement, R, and Ω (L) is normalized by R, then Ω (L) R = Ω (L) × R and so by [5, Satz 5.12, p. 437], R centralized L.
Thus for each prime r dividing |NG (L)| with r = p, each Sylow r-subgroup R of NG (L) centralized L and hence NG (L) /CG (L) is a
p-group; a contradiction. Therefore G has a normal p-complement.
COROLLARY 2.6. Put π (G) = {p1, p2, . . . , pn} where p1 > p2 > · · · > pn. Let Pi be a Sylow pi-subgroup of G where i = 1,2,. . .,n.
Suppose that all minimal subgroups of Ω (Pi) are S-quasinormal in G. Then G possesses an ordered Sylow tower.
LEMMA 2.7. Suppose that P is a normal p-subgroup of G such that G P is supersolvable. Suppose that all minimal subgroups of Ω (P
) are S-quasinormal in G. Then G is supersolvable.
Proof.
We prove the lemma by induction on |G|. Let P1 be a Sylow p-subgroup of G. We treat the following two cases:
Case 1. P = P1. Then by Schur- Zassenhous theorem, G possesses a Hall p´ - subgroup K which is a complement to P in G. The G P
∼= K is supersolvable. Since Ω (P ) char P and P is normal in G, it follows that Ω (P ) is normal in G. Then Ω (P ) K is a subgroup of
G. If Ω (P ) K = G, then G Ω (P ) is supersolvable. Therefore G is supersolvable by Theorem 2.3 Thus we may assume that Ω (P ) K
< G. Since Ω (P ) K Ω (P ) ∼= K is supersolvable, it follows by Theorem 2.3 that Ω (P ) K is supersolvable. we conclude the
supersolvability of G.
Case 2. P < P1. Put π (G) = {p1, p2, . . . , pn}, where p1 > p2 > · · · > pn. Since G P is supersolvable, it follows by [1] that G P
possesses supersolvable subgroups H P and K P such that |G P : H P | = p1 and |G P : K P | = pn. Since H P and K P are
supersolvable, it follows that H and K are supersolvable by induction on |G|. Since |G : H| = |G P : H P | = p1 and |G : K| =|G P : K P
| = pn, it follows again by [1] that G is supersolvable.
THEOREM 2.8. Put π (G) = {p1, p2, . . . , pn} where p1 > p2 > · · · > pn. Let Pi be a Sylow pi-subgroup of G where i = 1, 2, . . . , n.
Suppose that all minimal subgroups of Ω (Pi) are S-quasinormal in G. Then G is supersolvable.

Proof.
We prove the theorem by induction on |G|. By Theorem 2.5 and Lemma 2.7 we have that G possesses an ordered Sylow tower.
Then P1 is normal in G. By Schur-Zassenhaus’ theorem, G possesses a Hall p´ -subgroup K Which is complement to P1 in G.
Hence K is supersolvable by induction. Now it follows from Lemma 2.7 that G is supersolvable.
COROLLARY 2.9
Let N be a normal subgroup of G such that G N is supersolvable. Put π (N) = {p1, p2, . . . , ps}, where p1 > p2 > · · · > ps. Let Pi be a
Sylow pi- subgroup of N. Suppose that all minimal subgroups of Ω (Pi) are S-quasinormal in N. Then G is supersolvable.
Proof.
We prove the corollary by induction |G|. Theorem 2.8 implies that N is supersolvable and so P1 is normal in N, where P1 is
Sylow p1-subgroup of N and p1 is the largest prime dividing the order of N. Clearly, P1 is normal in G. Since (G P1) (N P1) ∼= G
N is supersolvable, it follows that G P1 is supersolvable by induction on |G|. Therefore G is supersolvable by Lemma 2.7 The
corollary is proved.
REFERENCES
[1] Buckley, J.: Finite groups whose minimal subgroups are normal. Math. Z. 116 (1970), 15–17.
[2] Schmidt, R.: Subgroup Lattices of Groups. De Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics 14, Walter de Gruyter Berlin 1994
[3] Schmid, P.: Subgroups Permutable with All Sylow Subgroups. J. Algebra 207
(1998), 285–293.
[4] Gorenstein, D.: Finite groups. Harper and Row Publishers, New York- Evanston- London 1968.

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